Albert Gallatin
upon Indians, 376, 377.
D'Yvernois, proposes to transport University of Geneva to United States,
291;
receives shares in Gallatin's land scheme, 362.
Edgar, James, on committee of whiskey insurgents to confer with United
States commissioners, 81;
supports Gallatin, 82;
presides over last meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, 89.
Elliott, ----, on controversy between Wolcott and Gallatin, as to
surplus, 190, 191.
Ellsworth, Oliver, on committee to consider Gallatin's eligibility to
Senate, 61.
Embargo, opposed by Gallatin, 201;
its effect stated by him, 201, 202;
adopted as answer to Orders in Council, 225;
its enforcement or abandonment urged by Gallatin, 228, 229, 230, 291;
enforced, 292;
repealed, 294.
Emlen, George, at free trade convention in 1831, 241.
England, anger against, at time of Jay treaty, 103;
renews provision order, 103;
danger of war with, 116, 118, 120;
hard pressed by France in 1797, 139;
its friendship more dangerous than France's enmity, 163;
adopts Orders in Council, 201, 225;
commercial policy toward United States, 224, 225, 295;
danger of war with, 224, 229;
Madison's preference for, 295;
events leading up to war with, 295, 296;
mistaken view of Gallatin concerning its diplomacy, 304;
unwilling to tolerate Russian mediation, 304, 306, 311;
its policy explained by Baring, 306, 307;
offers to treat directly, 311;
willing to push on war after fall of Napoleon, 313, 316;
hopes to divide United States, 313;
appoints commissioners, 316;
makes exorbitant demands, 317;
its policy modified by Castlereagh, 319;
demands cession of territory, 321;
loses interest in war, 322;
rejects article on impressment, 322;
negotiation of convention with, in 1815, 334, 335;
at Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 337;
mission of Gallatin to, 343-347;
complains of tone of American diplomacy, 344, 345;
negotiations with, 345, 346;
agrees to renew commercial convention, 347;
refuses to negotiate on impressment, 347;
makes Ashburton treaty, 349, 350.
Eppes, John W., letter of Gallatin to, on public lands, 239.
Erskine, D. M., his negotiations, 295.
Etsko, ----, Polish refugee, helped by Gallatin, 372.
Eustis, William, advised by Gallatin concerning treaty with Netherlands,
333, 334.
Ewbank, ----, member of Ethnological Society, 379.
Excise (see Whiskey Insurrection), recommended by Hamilton, 175.
Fauchet, his dealings with Randolph, 103;
condemned by Federalists, 134.
Fayette County, settlement of Gallatin, 22, 26, 27;
life in, 28, 43, 67;
elects Gallatin to legislature, 44;
in Whiskey Insurrection, 49, 51, 52, 68, 78, 85, 96;
reelects Gallatin, 93, 95;
visited by Lafayette, 365.
Fazzi, ----, takes share in Gallatin's land scheme, 361.
Federalist party, its origin, 57;
prejudiced against Gallatin by his resolution demanding information from
Hamilton, 64, 65;
opposes his election to Congress, 95;
reconstructs cabinet, 97, 98;
its leaders in House, 98, 99;
attitude toward France and England, 100, 101;
charged with being bribed by England, 103;
in debate on appropriating power, 108, 109;
in debate on treaty power, 111-115;
defends Jay treaty, 118;
strengthened in fourth Congress, 128;
retains nominal majority in fifth Congress, 133;
in debate on French relations, 134-136;
in debate on checks on executive, 143-147;
strengthened by X Y Z affair, 149;
commits mistakes, 151, 152; its badge, 153;
controls sixth Congress, 158;
refuses to repeal Sedition Law, 159;
defeated in 1800, 163;
forced to choose between Burr and Jefferson, 164;
bargain with Jefferson, 164;
its possible plans for defeating any choice, 165;
and for nominating a president pro tempore, 165;
allows Jefferson's election, 166, 167;
its share in building country, 169;
breach in, 177;
enjoys Republican inconsistency, 237;
monopolizes offices, 280;
extinguished by battle of New Orleans, 358.
Few, William, connected by marriage with Gallatin, 59.
Finances, efforts of Gallatin to secure minute supervision of by
Congress, 64, 106, 107;
efforts to establish permanent appropriations, 107;
appropriations, power of Congress over, 108, 109;
their necessity to successful government, 170;
finances of the Revolution under Morris, 170-174;
under treasury board, 173, 174;
under Hamilton, 174-176;
under Wolcott, 176-178;
under Gallatin, 186-215;
sketch of, by Gallatin, 184;
"View of," by Gallatin, 185;
preliminary sketch on Gallatin's assuming office, 186;
estimate of sources of wealth, 187;
estimate for 1801, 190;
denial of a surplus, 190, 191;
plan for discharging debt, 191, 192;
its execution, 192, 194;
report for 1803 on reduction of debt, 195;
Louisiana purchase, 193, 195;
place of payment of principal and interest, 195, 196;
addition to sinking fund, 196;
report for first four years, 197;
estimates of revenue for Jefferson's second term, 198;
conversion of debt, 198;
full treasury in 1807, 198;
Gallatin's consideration of military value of surplus, 199;
on war revenue, 200, 201;
effect of embargo, 201;
sources of revenue, 204;
deficiency in 1809, 204;
report of 1811, 205;
demand of Gallatin for internal revenue, 206;
war estimates, 206-209;
including "treasury notes," 207, 210;
loan of 1812, 209;
estimates for 1812, 210;
report for 1812, 211;
success of loan, 210, 211;
report of loan of twenty-one millions, 212;
stock not taken by New England and Southern States, 213;
saved by Parish, Girard, and Astor, 213, 214;
review of Gallatin's influence, 215-216;
table of revenue and expenditure, 217;
revenue established by Hamilton, 217;
its character, 218;
and amount, 219;
permanent estimate of, 220;
internal revenue retained by Gallatin, 220;
his proposed expenditures, 220;
repeal of internal revenue, 221;
increased income, 221;
establishment of Mediterranean fund, 222;
income during Jefferson's first term, 223;
increased estimates of Gallatin, 223;
internal improvements planned, 224;
doubling of duties recommended as a war measure, 225;
effect of embargo on revenue, 225, 227;
review of revenue during Jefferson's administrations, 226, 227;
surplus in 1808, 226;
internal improvements advocated by Jefferson, 226, 227;
estimates of receipts for 1809, 228;
report of Gallatin to Congress on need for new revenues, 229;
vagueness of Madison concerning, 229, 230;
report for 1809, 230;
refusal of Congress to re-charter bank, 231;
report for 1810, 231;
report of Gallatin in January, 1812, 232;
proposal to impose internal taxes, 234;
increased war duties, 234;
war budget for 1813, 235;
internal taxes, their history, 235;
reimposed by Congress, 236;
receipts from, 237;
public lands, receipts from, 238, 239;
administration of Treasury under
Gallatin, 244-246;
history of Bank of North America, 248-250;
of Bank of United States, 250-255;
panic of 1815, 262-264;
second United States Bank, 265-268;
resumption of specie payment, 267;
report of Gallatin on ratio of gold and silver, 268;
"Considerations on Currency and Banking," 268;
diminution of debt in 1832, 269;
removal of deposits from Bank of United States, 269, 270;
extinction of debt by Woodbury, 270, 271;
distribution of surplus among States, 271;
inflation in 1836, 272;
panic of 1837, 272, 273.
Findley, James, in Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention, 43;
represents Fayette County in legislature, 44.
Findley, William, describes Whiskey Insurrection, 71;
at Parkinson's Ferry meeting, 78;
describes Gallatin's speech, 83;
on threats of secession, 86;
takes resolutions to Washington urging him to stop march of troops,
89;
describes seizure of prisoners, 90.
Fish, Preserved, at free trade convention in 1831, 241.
Fisheries, discussed in treaty of Ghent, 322, 323;
unfavorable settlement of question in 1818, 335.
Florida, question of its annexation, 285.
Forsyth, John, asks Gallatin's advice as to Smithson's bequest, 378.
Fox, C. J., his precocity compared to Gallatin's, 32.
France, sympathy of Republicans for, 116;
sends tricolor to Congress, 130;
its policy in Revolution, 131;
situation in 1796, 131;
endeavors to get aid of United States, 131;
determines to coerce it, 132;
refuses to receive Pinckney, 132;
policy of Adams toward, 137;
success in 1797, 139;
danger of war with, in 1798, 147;
question of war with, debated in Congress, 148-151;
non-intercourse with, 151, 159, 160;
adopts conciliatory measures, 160;
commercial convention with, 162;
adopts Milan decree, 229;
mission of Gallatin to, 331-341;
refuses to pay for seizures under Berlin and Milan decrees, 333;
urges peace with Spain, 336;
offers to mediate with United States between Spain and her colonies,
336;
conduct at Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 337;
Apollon case, 338;
commercial convention with, 340;
fails to settle claims, 340, 341;
Revolution of 1830 in, 370, 371, 372.
Franklin, Benjamin, gives Gallatin letter to Richard Bache, 11;
compared to Gallatin, 389.
Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, friend of Madame Voltaire, 7;
sends her a portrait, 7;
sells troops to England in American war, 8;
called a tyrant by Gallatin, 8.
Free trade, advocated by Gallatin, 240;
becomes a party question in 1832, 240;
convention in favor of, 241;
Gallatin's memorial in behalf of, 241, 242;
subsequent history of, 242, 243.
French Revolution, premonitions of, in Europe, 6;
Gallatin's opinion of, in 1794, 56, 57;
its reaction on America, 57, 100;
attitude of parties toward, 101, 102;
its effect described by Gallatin, 327, 328.
Gallatin, Abraham, grandfather of Albert, 2;
lives at Pregny, 7;
friend of Voltaire, 7.
Gallatin, Albert, his place in United States history, 1;
birth and ancestry, 2;
adopted by Mlle. Pictet, 2;
his schooling and home training, 2, 3;
benefits from cosmopolitan society of Geneva, 4;
academic friendships, 4, 5;
restless, although not ambitious, 5;
discontented with political conditions, 6;
visits Voltaire, 7, 8;
refuses offer of commission in Hessian service, 8;
quarrels with grandmother, 8;
plans to find freedom in America, 9, 10;
leaves Geneva secretly, 9;
plans to rise by land speculation and commerce, 10;
at Nantes receives letters from family, 10, 11;
relations with guardian, 11;
invests money in tea, 12;
voyage to Boston, 12;
finds difficulty in selling tea, 12;
finds Boston bigoted and unfriendly, 13;
his walk to Blue Hill, 13;
encounter with inquisitive landlord, 13, 14;
persuaded by Madame De Lesdernier, makes trading voyage to Machias,
14;
frontier life there, 15, 16;
commands earthwork at Passamaquoddy, 16;
meets La Perouse, 16;
returns to Boston and teaches French, 17;
recommended by Mlle. Pictet to Dr. Cooper, 17;
teaches French successfully in Harvard College, 17, 18;
glad to leave Boston at conclusion of war, 18;
visits New York, 18;
meets Savary, 19;
dissolves partnership with Serre, 19;
meets Pelatiah Webster at Philadelphia, 19;
accompanies Savary to Richmond, 19;
decides definitely not to return to Geneva, 20;
joins Savary in land speculations in West Virginia, 20, 21;
his aversion to debt, 21;
returns to Philadelphia and leads exploring party down Ohio, 21;
at George's Creek builds log-house and opens store, 22;
encounters Washington, 22;
declines Washington's offer to become land agent, 23;
enjoys a winter in Richmond society, 23;