Albert Gallatin
his gratitude for hospitality and kindness, 24;
commissioned by Henry, locates lands in Western Virginia, 24;
interrupted by Indian troubles, 24;
takes oath of allegiance to Virginia, 25;
invites Badollet to join him from Geneva, 25, 26;
purchases Friendship Hill, 26;
rumor of his death causes inquiries from Geneva, 27;
attains majority and calls for property, 28;
difficulties of his life on frontier, 28;
not to be blamed for his choice of location, 28, 29;
offered place in office by Marshall, 29;
advised by Patrick Henry to begin in West, 29;
visits Richmond and Philadelphia, 29;
journey to Maine, 29, 30;
kindness towards Lesdernier, 30;
marries Sophie Allegre, her sudden death, 30;
disheartened, wishes to abandon Western lands, 30, 31;
his maturity in political thought, 32;
early an advocate of democracy, 32, 33;
probably dislikes the Federal Constitution, 34, 36;
an opponent of centralization, 34;
influences arguments of Smilie in Pennsylvania ratifying convention,
36;
represents Fayette County at convention of anti-Federalists, 37;
friendship with Smilie, 38;
drafts resolutions providing for vigorous organization against
Constitution, 38, 39.
_In Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention._
Elected a delegate from Fayette County, 40;
his opposition to alteration of form of government, 41;
advocates enlarged popular representation, manhood suffrage, easy
naturalization, 42;
takes minor part in convention, his high opinion of its ability, 42,
43;
after convention, falls into melancholy, 43;
wishes to leave America, 43;
reproached by Genevese friends with indolence, 43, 44.
_In Pennsylvania Legislature._
Elected to represent Fayette County, 44;
describes his legislative career, 45-47;
his influence and activity, 45;
advocates improved education, 45;
supports turnpike, 45;
gains reputation by report of Ways and Means Committee, 46;
advocates redemption of paper money and financial reform, 46;
reports a resolution for abolition of slavery, 47;
at first dislikes Philadelphia, later prefers it to New York for
democracy, 47, 48;
drafts resolutions condemning Hamilton's excise bill, 48;
takes part in public meeting in Washington County against the bill, 50;
secretary of convention of western counties at Pittsburgh, 52;
signs resolutions advocating resistance, 53;
draws petition to Congress, 53;
returns to Philadelphia to find cause damaged by action of counties,
54;
advises evasion of federal writs to arrest, 55;
in legislature proposes a township veto on taxation and popular
education, 55;
wishes to visit Geneva in 1793, 56, 57;
views on French Revolution, 56, 57;
elected senator in spite of insufficient residence, 58;
acquaintance with Dallas, 58;
on journey with him, meets Hannah Nicholson, 59;
marriage, 59;
his family connections by marriage, 59;
later business connections with brother-in-law, J. W. Nicholson, 60;
takes seat as United States senator, 60;
his election protested on ground of insufficient residence, 60, 61;
complains of membership of committee to consider case, 61;
his exact status, 62;
submits statement of facts to Senate, 62;
is declared disqualified by narrow majority, 62, 63;
his dignified conduct of case, 63;
pending the decision, introduces resolution calling upon Hamilton to
make a minutely itemized report, 64;
probably causes his own expulsion by thus irritating Federalists, 64,
65;
later obliged to answer a similar demand from Federalists, 65;
not cast down by exclusion, 65;
gains increased popularity in Pennsylvania, 65, 66.
_In Whiskey Insurrection._
Takes wife to Fayette County, 67;
at outbreak of violence advises distillers to submit to law, 69;
his estimate of numbers of insurgents in arms, 73;
remains at first aloof from excitement, 75;
determines to take control of movement, 75, 76;
alarmed at probable excesses of mob and danger of repression, 76;
delegate to convention at Parkinson's Ferry, 78;
confers with Marshall, 78;
chosen secretary, 79;
opposes resolution to resist by force, and moves reference of
resolutions to a committee, 80;
succeeds in modifying resolutions not to obey excise and trial laws,
80;
on committee on resolutions, 80;
on committee to confer with government commissioners, 81;
points out folly of resistance, 81;
counsels submission, 81;
his eloquent speech, 82, 83;
prevents anarchy, 82;
charged by J. C. Hamilton with cowardice, 84;
his real courage, 84;
hastens submission of Fayette County, 85;
secures adoption of declaration defending county's action, 85;
secretary of meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, which makes complete
submission, 89;
considered by Federalists to be chief instigator of the insurrection,
90;
describes conversation with Dallas, 92;
again chosen to legislature and also to Congress, 93;
his election to Assembly contested and declared void, 93, 94;
in his speech during debate admits error of his course, 94;
urges Badollet to secure reelection of all Western assemblymen, 95;
re-elected to legislature, 95;
witness before grand jury in trial of prisoners, 96;
draws petition to Washington for pardon of offenders, 96;
his loyalty to constituents, 96.
_Member of Congress._
Moves appointment of committee on finance to control Treasury, 106;
appointed upon it, 106;
wishes to put appropriations on permanent footing, 107, 108;
refuses to devote military funds to establishing Indian trading posts,
108;
opposes habit of appropriating without debate, even to objects already
approved, 109;
supports resolutions calling for papers in Jay treaty, 110;
upholds power of House of Representatives, 111, 112;
denies that treaties override discretion of House, 112, 113;
appointed to carry call to Washington, 114;
claims right of House to participate in treaties, 114;
stands beside Madison as leader of debate, 115;
insists on separate consideration of treaties, 118;
objects to Federalists' threats of war with England, 118, 119;
complains of abandonment of "free ships" principle in Jay's treaty,
119;
low opinion of Indians, 122;
urges resistance to impressment, 122;
suggests plan for advantageous sale of public lands, 122;
and their use to pay debt, 122;
views on taxation, 123;
opposes military establishment and navy, 123, 124;
laments necessity of payment to United States Bank, 124;
attacked for participation in Whiskey Insurrection, 124;
makes no reply, 125;
criticises conduct of Treasury Department, 125;
opposes principle of a national debt, 125;
asserts a great increase in public debt, 126;
defends assertion against W. Smith, 126;
objects to adjournment to pay respects to Washington on birthday, 126;
recognized as leader of opposition by Federalists, 127;
does not expect or desire renomination, 127;
reelected to Congress, 127;
becomes leader of Republicans in House, 128;
wishes House to compliment Washington personally on his retirement,
but not his administration, 129;
describes Andrew Jackson's appearance, 129 n.;
insists on payment of indebtedness of States to government, 129;
chairman of conference committee, 129;
opposes army and navy expenditure, 129, 130;
secures passage of bill confining treasury expenditures, 130;
in sympathy and confidence of Jefferson, 133;
deprecates debating foreign relations, 134;
wishes to treat France like other nations, 134;
opposes threatening France, 135;
joins moderate Republicans in voting with Federalists for address to
President, 136;
opposes appropriation for defense, 137;
objects to employment of frigates, 137;
favors defense of ports and harbors only, 137;
opposes salt duty, 137;
and excessive loans, 137;
points out method of impeachment in Blount case, 138;
describes his desire for moderation, 138;
calls Federalists aristocrats, 139;
votes against presenting answer to message in person, 140;
now acknowledged leader of Republicans, 140;
presents anti-slavery petitions from Pennsylvania, 140;
his opinion of use of foreign coins, 140;
estimate of specie in United States, 141;
opposes proposal to expel Lyon, 141;
on executive power of appointment, 142;
wishes to abandon foreign political intercourse, 143;
upholds power of House to check executive through appropriations, 143;
makes elaborate speech on checks of legislature on executive, 144-146;
and on necessity of abstention from European politics, 145;
practical drawbacks to his theory, 147;
his speech circulated by party, 147;
opposes war measures against France, 148;
supports call for papers of envoys to France, 148;
presents petition against authorizing private citizens to arm vessels,
149;
opposes bill to authorize President to arm convoys, 149;
prefers submission to French outrages rather than war, 150, 151;
attacked by Allen of Connecticut, his reply, 150, 151;
opposes non-intercourse with France, 151;
declares Sedition Bill unconstitutional, 152;
high words with Harper over Alien Bill, 152;
taunted by Harper, 152;
opposes declaration of state of relations by Congress, 153;
votes against abrogating treaty with France, 154;
continues to harass Wolcott in the Treasury, 154;
his even temper, 154;
opposes bill to punish correspondence with foreign princes, 155, 156;
opposes bill to incite French West Indies to revolt, 156, 157;
opposes authorization of President to suspend commerce in certain
cases, 157;
opposes building ships of the line, 157;
tries to defeat or ameliorate Alien and Sedition Laws, 157, 158;
aided in sixth Congress by Nicholas and Macon, 159;
votes with Federalists to suspend commercial intercourse with France,
159;
opposes proposal to amend Foreign Intercourse Act, 160, 161;
opposes bill requiring report from secretary of treasury, because
originating in Senate, 161;
opposes continuance of non-intercourse, 162;
his position in presidential contest in 1800, 164;
irritated by influence of S. Smith over Jefferson and Madison, 164;
reasons that attempt of Federalists to defeat an election by the House
is constitutional, 164, 165;
but any president pro tempore would be unconstitutional, 165;
suggests course of action for Republicans, 165;
probably expects to use violence against Federalists, 166;
review of his congressional career, 167;
leader of party, yet not a partisan, 167, 168;
one of Republican triumvirate, 168;
his departure leaves party without a legislative leader, 168.
_Secretary of the Treasury: Funding._
His place as financier in United States history, 170;
Jefferson's choice for secretary of treasury, 178, 179;
hated by Federalists in Senate, 178;
assigned to Treasury by public opinion, 179;
doubts his abilities and chances of confirmation by Senate, 180;
plans to move to New York, 180;
refuses to accept until confirmed by Senate, 181;
finally agrees to serve, 181;
brings family to Washington and enters on duties, 181, 182;
his thoroughness, 182;
exhausts himself by his energy, 182;
sketch of his financial career in Pennsylvania and in Congress, 183,
184;
his one principle the extinguishment of debt, 184;
publishes sketch of the finances in 1796, 184;
publishes in July, 1800, "Views of Public Debt," etc., 184, 185;
ability of these essays, 185;
outlines policy of expenditures and receipts to Jefferson, 186;
endeavors to systematize treasury statements, 186;
points out economic reasons for increase of revenue, 187;