Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie
_Triumphant Democracy, or Fifty Years' March of the Republic._ New
York, 1886.
_The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays._ New York, 1900.
_The Empire of Business._ New York, 1903.
_James Watt._ New York, 1905.
_Problems of To-day. Wealth--Labor--Socialism._ New York, 1908.
He was a contributor to English and American magazines and newspapers,
and many of the articles as well as many of his speeches have been
published in pamphlet form. Among the latter are the addresses on
Edwin M. Stanton, Ezra Cornell, William Chambers, his pleas for
international peace, his numerous dedicatory and founders day
addresses. A fuller list of these publications is given in Margaret
Barclay Wilson's _A Carnegie Anthology_, privately printed in New
York, 1915.
A great many articles have been written about Mr. Carnegie, but the
chief sources of information are:
ALDERSON (BERNARD). _Andrew Carnegie. The Man and His Work._
New York, 1905.
BERGLUND (ABRAHAM). _The United States Steel Corporation._
New York, 1907.
CARNEGIE (ANDREW). _How I served My Apprenticeship as a
Business Man._ Reprint from _Youth's Companion_. April 23, 1896.
COTTER (ARUNDEL). _Authentic History of the United States
Steel Corporation._ New York, 1916.
HUBBARD (ELBERT). _Andrew Carnegie_. New York, 1909.
(Amusing, but inaccurate.)
MACKIE (J.B.). _Andrew Carnegie. His Dunfermline Ties and
Benefactions._ Dunfermline, n.d.
_Manual of the Public Benefactions of Andrew Carnegie._ Published by
the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Washington, 1919.
_Memorial Addresses on the Life and Work of Andrew Carnegie._ New
York, 1920.
_Memorial Service in Honor of Andrew Carnegie on his Birthday,
Tuesday, November 25, 1919._ Carnegie Music Hall, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
_Pittencrieff Glen: Its Antiquities, History and Legends._
Dunfermline, 1903.
POYNTON (JOHN A.). _A Millionaire's Mail Bag._ New York,
1915. (Mr. Poynton was Mr. Carnegie's secretary.)
PRITCHETT (HENRY S.). _Andrew Carnegie._ Anniversary Address
before Carnegie Institute, November 24, 1915.
SCHWAB (CHARLES M.). _Andrew Carnegie. His Methods with His
Men._ Address at Memorial Service, Carnegie Music Hall, Pittsburgh,
November 25, 1919.
WILSON (MARGARET BARCLAY). _A Carnegie Anthology._ Privately
printed. New York, 1915.
INDEX
Abbey, Edwin A., 298.
Abbott, Rev. Lyman, 285.
Abbott, William L., becomes partner of Mr. Carnegie, 201.
Accounting system, importance of, 135, 136, 204.
Acton, Lord, library bought by Mr. Carnegie, 325.
Adams, Edwin, tragedian, 49.
Adams Express Company, investment in, 79.
Addison, Leila, friend and critic of young Carnegie, 97.
Aitken, Aunt, 8, 22, 30, 50, 51, 77, 78.
Alderson, Barnard, _Andrew Carnegie_, quoted, 282 _n._
Allegheny City, the Carnegies in, 30, 31, 34;
public library and hall, 259.
Allegheny Valley Railway, bonds marketed by Mr. Carnegie, 167-71.
Allison, Senator W.B., 124, 125.
Altoona, beginnings of, 66.
_American Four-in-Hand in Britain, An_, Mr. Carnegie's first book, 6;
quoted, 27, 318 _n._;
published, 212, 322.
Anderson, Col. James, and his library, 45-47.
Arnold, Edwin, gives Mr. Carnegie the MS. of _The Light of Asia_, 207.
Arnold, Matthew, quoted, 206, 207, 302;
visits Mr. Carnegie, 216, 299, 301;
a charming man, 298;
seriously religious, 299;
as a lecturer, 299, 300;
and Henry Ward Beecher, 300;
on Shakespeare, 302;
and Josh Billings, 303-05;
in Chicago, 305, 306;
memorial to, 308.
Baldwin, William H., 277.
Balfour, Prime Minister, 269-71;
as a philosopher, 323, 324.
Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, and Trust for the Universities of
Scotland, 269, 270, 272.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Mr. Carnegie's relations with, 125-29.
Baring Brother, dealings with, 168, 169.
Barryman, Robert, an ideal Tom Bowling, 28, 29.
Bates, David Homer, quoted, 45, 46, 100.
Beecher, Henry Ward, and Matthew Arnold, 300;
and Robert G. Ingersoll, 300, 301;
on Herbert Spencer, 336, 337.
Behring Sea question, 350, 353-55.
Bessemer steel process, revolutionized steel manufacture, 184, 185,
229.
Billings, Dr. J.S., of the New York Public Libraries, 259;
director of the Carnegie Institution, 260.
Billings, Josh, 295;
and Matthew Arnold, 303-05;
anecdotes, 304, 305.
Bismarck, Prince, disturbs the financial world, 169.
Black, William, 298.
Blaine, James G., visits Mr. Carnegie, 216;
and Mr. Gladstone, 320, 321, 328;
a good story-teller, 341-43, 357;
his Yorktown address, 341;
at Cluny Castle, 344;
misses the Presidency, 345;
as Secretary of State, 345, 352-56;
at the Pan-American Congress, 346.
Bliss, Cornelius N., 363.
Borntraeger, William, 136;
put in charge of the Union Iron Mills, 198;
anecdotes of, 199-201.
Botta, Professor and Madame, 150.
Braddock's Cooeperative Society, 250.
Bridge-building, of iron, 115-29;
at Steubenville, 116, 117;
at Keokuk, Iowa, 154;
at St. Louis, 155.
Bright, John, 11;
and George Peabody, 282.
British Iron and Steel Institute, 178, 180.
Brooks, David, manager of the Pittsburgh telegraph office, 36-38,
57-59.
Brown University, John Hay Library at, 275.
Bruce, King Robert, 18, 367.
Bryan, William J., and the treaty with Spain, 364.
Bull Run, battle of, 100.
Buelow, Prince von, 368, 370.
Burns, Robert, quoted, 3, 13, 33, 307, 313;
Dean Stanley on, 271;
rules of conduct, 271, 272.
Burroughs, John, and Ernest Thompson Seton, 293.
Butler, Gen. B.F., 99.
Cable, George W., 295.
Calvinism, revolt from, 22, 23, 74, 75.
Cambria Iron Company, 186.
Cameron, Simon, in Lincoln's Cabinet, 102, 103;
a man of sentiment, 104;
anecdote of, 104, 105.
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, 313;
and Trust for the Universities of Scotland, 269, 271;
Prime Minister, 312, 313.
Carnegie, Andrew, grandfather of A.C., 2, 3.
Carnegie, Andrew, birth, 2;
ancestry, 2-6;
fortunate in his birthplace, 6-8;
childhood in Dunfermline, 7-18;
a violent young republican, 10-12;
goes to school, 13-15, 21;
early usefulness to his parents, 14;
learns history from his Uncle Lauder, 15, 16;
intensely Scottish, 16, 18;
trained in recitation, 20;
power to memorize, 21;
animal pets, 23;
early evidence of organizing power, 24, 43;
leaves Dunfermline, 25;
sails for America, 28;
on the Erie Canal, 29, 30;
in Allegheny City, 30;
becomes a bobbin boy, 34;
works in a bobbin factory, 35, 36;
telegraph messenger, 37-44;
first real start in life, 38, 39;
first communication to the press, 45;
cultivates taste for literature, 46, 47;
love for Shakespeare stimulated, 48, 49;
Swedenborgian influence, 50;
taste for music aroused, 51;
first wage raise, 55;
learns to telegraph, 57, 58, 61;
becomes a telegraph operator, 59.
_Railroad experience:_
Clerk and operator for Thomas A. Scott, division superintendent of
Pennsylvania Railroad, 63;
loses pay-rolls, 67;
an anti-slavery partisan, 68, 96;
employs women as telegraph operators, 69;
takes unauthorized responsibility, 71, 72;
in temporary charge of division, 73;
theological discussions, 74-76;
first investment, 79;
transferred to Altoona, 84;
invests in building of sleeping-cars, 87;
made division superintendent on the Pennsylvania Railroad, 91;
returns to Pittsburgh, 92;
gets a house at Homewood, 94;
Civil War service, 99-109;
gift to Kenyon College, 106;
first serious illness, 109;
first return to Scotland, 110-13;
organizes rail-making and locomotive works, 115;
also a company to build iron bridges, 116-18;
bridge-building, 119-29;
begins making iron, 130-34;
introduces cost accounting system, 135, 136, 204;
becomes interested in oil wells, 136-39;
mistaken for a noted exhorter, 140;
leaves the railroad company, 140, 141.
_Period of acquisition:_
Travels extensively in Europe, 142, 143;
deepening appreciation of art and music, 143;
builds coke works, 144, 145;
attitude toward protective tariff, 146-48;
opens an office in New York, 149;
joins the Nineteenth Century Club, 150;
opposed to speculation, 151-54;
builds bridge at Keokuk, 154;
and another at St. Louis, 155-57;
dealings with the Morgans, 155-57, 169-73;
gives public baths to Dunfermline, 157;
his ambitions at thirty-three, 157, 158;
rivalry with Pullman, 159;
proposes forming Pullman Palace Car Company, 160;
helps the Union Pacific Railway through a crisis, 162, 163;
becomes a director of that company, 164;
but is forced out, 165;
friction with Mr. Scott, 165, 174;
floats bonds of the Allegheny Valley Railway, 167-71;
negotiations with Baring Brothers, 168, 169;
some business rules, 172-75, 194, 224, 231;
concentrates on manufacturing, 176, 177;
president of the British Iron and Steel Institute, 178;
begins making pig iron, 178, 179;
proves the value of chemistry at a blast furnace, 181-83;
making steel rails, 184-89;
in the panic of 1873, 189-93;
parts with Mr. Kloman, 194-97;
some of his partners, 198-203;
goes around the world, 204-09;
his philosophy of life, 206, 207;
Dunfermline confers the freedom of the town, 210;
coaching in Great Britain, 211, 212;
dangerously ill, 212, 213;
death of his mother and brother, 212, 213;
courtship, 213, 214;
marriage, 215;
presented with the freedom of Edinburgh, 215;
birth of his daughter, 217;
buys Skibo Castle, 217;
manufactures spiegel and ferro-manganese, 220, 221;
buys mines, 221-23;
acquires the Frick Coke Company, 222;
buys the Homestead steel mills, 225;
progress between 1888 and 1897, 226;
the Homestead strike, 228-33;
succeeds Mark Hanna on executive committee of the National Civic
Federation, 234;
incident of Burgomaster McLuckie, 235-39;
some labor disputes, 240-54;
dealing with a mill committee, 241, 242;
breaking a strike, 243-46;
a sliding scale of wages, 244-47;
beating a bully, 248;
settling differences by conference, 249, 250, 252;
workmen's savings, 251.
_Period of distribution:_
Carnegie Steel Company sells out to United States Steel Corporation,
255, 256;
Andrew Carnegie Relief Fund established for men in the mills, 256,
257, 281;
libraries built, 259;
Carnegie Institution founded, 259-61;
hero funds established for several countries, 262-67;
pension fund for aged professors, 268-71;
trustee of Cornell University, 268;
Lord Rector of St. Andrews, 271-73;
aid to American colleges, 274, 275, 277 _n._;
connection with Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes, 276, 277;
gives organs to many churches, 278, 279;
private pension fund, 279, 280;
Railroad Pension Fund, 280;
early interested in peace movements, 282, 283;
on a League of Nations, 284 _n._;
provides funds for Temple of Peace at The Hague, 284, 285;
president of the Peace Society of New York, 285, 286;
decorated by several governments, 286;
buys Pittencrieff Glen and gives it to Dunfermline, 286-90;
friendship with Earl Grey, 290;
other trusts established, 290 _n._;
dinners of the Carnegie Veteran Association, 291, 292;
the Literary Dinner, 292, 293;
relations with Mark Twain, 294-97;
with Matthew Arnold, 298-308;
with Josh Billings, 302-05;
first meets Mr. Gladstone, 309, 330, 331;
estimate of Lord Rosebery, 309-11;
his own name often misspelled, 310;
attachment to Harcourt and Campbell-Bannerman, 312;
and the Earl of Elgin, 313, 314;
his Freedom-getting career, 314, 316;
opinion on British municipal government, 314-17;
visits Mr. Gladstone at Hawarden, 318, 319, 328, 329;
incident of the Queen's Jubilee, 320, 321;