Candide
deity of Christ, the personality of the devil, the native and total
depravity of man, the vicarious atonement and eternal punishment. The
Socinians are now represented by the Unitarians. _Manicheans_; followers
of Manes or Manichaeus (3rd century), a Persian who maintained that there
are two principles, the one good and the other evil, each equally
powerful in the government of the world.
[22] P. 107. In the 1759 editions, in place of the long passage in
brackets from here to page 215, there was only the following: "'Sir,'
said the Perigordian Abbe to him, 'have you noticed that young person
who has so roguish a face and so fine a figure? You may have her for ten
thousand francs a month, and fifty thousand crowns in diamonds.' 'I have
only a day or two to give her,' answered Candide, 'because I have a
rendezvous at Venice.' In the evening after supper the insinuating
Perigordian redoubled his politeness and attentions."
[23] P. 108. The play referred to is supposed to be "Le Comte d'Essex,"
by Thomas Corneille.
[24] P. 108. In France actors were at one time looked upon as
excommunicated persons, not worthy of burial in holy ground or with
Christian rites. In 1730 the "honours of sepulture" were refused to
Mademoiselle Lecouvreur (doubtless the Miss Monime of this passage).
Voltaire's miscellaneous works contain a paper on the matter.
[25] P. 109. Elie-Catherine Freron was a French critic (1719-1776) who
incurred the enmity of Voltaire. In 1752 Freron, in _Lettres sur
quelques ecrits du temps_, wrote pointedly of Voltaire as one who chose
to be all things to all men, and Voltaire retaliated by references such
as these in _Candide_.
[26] P. 111. Gabriel Gauchat (1709-1779), French ecclesiastical writer,
was author of a number of works on religious subjects.
[27] P. 112. Nicholas Charles Joseph Trublet (1697-1770) was a French
writer whose criticism of Voltaire was revenged in passages such as this
one in _Candide_, and one in the _Pauvre Diable_ beginning:
L'abbe Trublet avait alors le rage
D'etre a Paris un petit personage.
[28] P. 120. Damiens, who attempted the life of Louis XV. in 1757, was
born at Arras, capital of Artois (Atrebatie).
[29] P. 120. On May 14, 1610, Ravaillac assassinated Henry VI.
[30] P. 120. On December 27, 1594, Jean Chatel attempted to assassinate
Henry IV.
[31] P. 122. This same curiously inept criticism of the war which cost
France her American provinces occurs in Voltaire's _Memoirs_, wherein he
says, "In 1756 England made a piratical war upon France for some acres
of snow." See also his _Precis du Siecle de Louis_ XV.
[32] P. 123. Admiral Byng was shot on March 14, 1757.
[33] P. 129. Commenting upon this passage, M. Sarcey says admirably:
"All is there! In those ten lines Voltaire has gathered all the griefs
and all the terrors of these creatures; the picture is admirable for its
truth and power! But do you not feel the pity and sympathy of the
painter? Here irony becomes sad, and in a way an avenger. Voltaire cries
out with horror against the society which throws some of its members
into such an abyss. He has his 'Bartholomew' fever; we tremble with him
through contagion."
[34] P. 142. The following particulars of the six monarchs may prove not
uninteresting. Achmet III. (_b._ 1673, _d._ 1739) was dethroned in 1730.
Ivan VI. (_b._ 1740, _d._ 1762) was dethroned in 1741. Charles Edward
Stuart, the Pretender (_b._ 1720, _d._ 1788). Auguste III. (_b._ 1696,
_d._ 1763). Stanislaus (_b._ 1682, _d._ 1766). Theodore (_b._ 1690, _d._
1755). It will be observed that, although quite impossible for the six
kings ever to have met, five of them might have been made to do so
without any anachronism.
[35] P. 149. Francois Leopold Ragotsky (1676-1735).
* * * * *
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Typographical errors corrected in text: |
| |
| Page xiv: Chapter XIII heading in Table of Contents |
| amended to match chapter heading on page 54. |
| Page 2: metaphysicotheo-logico-cosmolo-nigology |
| amended to metaphysico-theologico-cosmolo-nigology. |
| Page 158: Liebnitz amended to Leibnitz. |
| Page 168: perserved amended to preserved. |
| Page 172: rougish amended to roguish; crows amended to |
| crowns. |
| |
| Where there is an equal number of instances of a word |
| being hyphenated and unhyphenated, both versions |
| of the word have been retained: dung-hill/dunghill; |
| and new-comers/newcomers. |
| |
| A single footnote on page 90 has been moved |
| to the endnotes, and the notes numbers re-indexed. A |
| page reference was added to the moved footnote to |
| match the format of other endnotes. |
| |
| Modern Library blurb: "mail complete list of titles" left |
| as is. |
| |
| There are two instances of Massa Carara (pp. 43 and 45) |
| and one instance of Massa-Carrara (page ix). As this |
| latter is in the Introduction, i.e. distinct from the book |
| proper, it has been retained. |
| |
| The different spellings of Cunegonde (which occurs only |
| in the Introduction) and Robeck (which occurs in the |
| Notes [p. 170]; spelt Robek in the text [p. 53]) have |
| been retained for the same reason. |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
* * * * *