"De Bello Gallico" and Other Commentaries

54; their law concerning magistrates, _ibid_. 33; their clients, i. 31; vii. 75 Aeg[=e]an Sea, the _Archipelago_, a part of the Mediterranean which lies between Greece, Asia Minor, and the Isle of Crete Aeg[=i]n[)i]um, a town of Thessaly; Domitius joins Caesar near that place, C. iii. 79 Aegus and Roscillus, their perfidious behaviour towards Caesar, C. iii. 59, 60 Aegyptus, _Egypt,_ an extensive country of Africa, bounded on the west by part of Marmarica and the deserts of Lybia, on the north by the Mediterranean, on the east by the Sinus Arabicus, and a line drawn from Arsino[)e] to Rhinocolura, and on the south by Aethiopia. Egypt, properly so called, may be described as consisting of the long and narrow valley which follows the course of the Nile from Syene (_Assooan_) to _Cairo,_ near the site of the ancient Memphis. The name by which this country is known to Europeans comes from the Greeks, some of whose writers inform us that it received this appellation from Aegyptus, son of Belus, it having been previously called Aeria. In the Hebrew scriptures it is called Mitsraim, and also Matsor and Harets Cham; of these names, however, the first is the one most commonly employed Aemilia Via, a Roman road in Italy, from Rimini to Aquileia, and from Pisa to Dertona Aet[=o]lia, a country of Greece, _Despotato;_ recovered from Pompey by the partisans of Caesar, C. iii. 35 Afr[=a]nius, Pompey's lieutenant, his exploits in conjunction with Petreius, C. i. 38; resolves to carry the war into Celtiberia, _ibid_. 61; surrenders to Caesar, _ibid_. 84 Afr[)i]ca, one of the four great continents into which the earth is divided; the name seems to have been originally applied by the Romans to the country around Carthage, the first part of the continent with which they became acquainted, and is said to have been derived from a small Carthaginian district on the northern coast, called _Frigi._ Hence, even when the name had become applied to the whole continent, there still remained in Roman geography the district of Africa Proper, on the Mediterranean coast, corresponding to the modem kingdom of _Tunis,_ with part of that of _Tripoli_ Agend[)i]cum, a city of the Senones, _Sens_; Caesar quarters four legions there, G. vi. 44; Labienus leaves his baggage in it under a guard of new levies, and sets out for Lutetia, G. vii. 57 Alba, a town of Latium, in Italy, _Albano_; Domitius levies troops in that neighbourhood, C. i. 15 Alb[=i]ci, a people of Gaul, unknown; some make them the same with the _Vivarois_; taken into the service of the Marseillians, C. i. 34 Albis, the _Elbe,_ a large and noble river in Germany, which has its source in the Giant's Mountains in Silesia, on the confines of Bohemia, and passing through Bohemia, Upper and Lower Saxony, falls into the North Sea at Ritzbuttel, about sixty miles below Hamburg Alces, a species of animals somewhat resembling an elk, to be found in the Hercynian forests, C. vi. 27 Alemanni, or Alamanni, a name assumed by a confederacy of German tribes, situated between the Neckar and the Upper Rhine, who united to resist the encroachments of the Roman power. According to Mannert, they derived their origin from the shattered remains of the army of Ariovistus retired, after the defeat and death of their leader, to the mountainous country of the Upper Rhine. After their overthrow by Clovis, king of the Salian Franks, they ceased to exist as one nation, and were dispersed over Gaul, Switzerland, and Nether Italy. From them L'Allemagne, the French name for Germany, is derived Alemannia, the country inhabited by the Alemanni Alesia, or Alexia, a town of the Mandubians, _Alise_; Caesar shuts up Vercingetorix there, C. vii. 68; surrounds it with lines of circumvallation and contravallation, _ibid_. 69, 72; obliges it to surrender, _ibid_. 89 Alexandr[=i]a, a city of Egypt, _Scanderia_. It was built by Alexander the Great, 330 years before Christ; Caesar pursues Pompey thither, C. iii. 106 Aliso, by some supposed to be the town now called _Iselburg_; or, according to Junius, _Wesel_, in the duchy of Cleves, but more probably _Elsen_ Allier (El[=a]ver), Caesar eludes the vigilance of Vercingetorix, and by an artifice passes that river, G. vii. 35 All[)o]br[)o]ges, an ancient people of Gallia Transalp[=i]na, who inhabited the country which is now called _Dauphiny, Savoy,_ and _Piedmont_. The name, Allobroges, means highlanders, and is derived from Al, "high," and Broga, "land." They are supposed to be disaffected to the Romans, G. i. 6; complain to Caesar of the ravages of the Helvetians, _ibid_. 11 Alps, a ridge of high mountains, which separates France and Germany from Italy. That part of them which separates Dauphiny from Piedmont was called the Cottian Alps. Their name is derived from their height, Alp being an old Celtic appellation for "a lofty mountain"; Caesar crosses them with five legions, G. i. 10; sends Galba to open a free passage over them to the Roman merchants, G. iii. 1 Alsati[)a], a province of Germany, in the upper circle of the Rhine, _Alsace_ Amagetobr[)i]a, a city of Gaul, unknown; famous for a defeat of the Gauls there by Ariovistus, G. i. 31 Amant[)i]a, a town in Macedonia, _Porto Raguseo_; it submits to Caesar, and sends ambassadors to know his pleasure, C. iii. 12 Am[=a]nus, a mountain of Syria, _Alma Daghy,_ near which Scipio sustains some losses, C. iii. 31 Am[=a]ni Pylae, or Am[=a]nicae Portae, _Straits of Scanderona_ Ambarri, a people of Gaul, uncertain; they complain to Caesar of the ravages committed in their territories by the Helvetii, G. i. 11 Ambialites, a people of Gaul, of _Lamballe in Bretagne_. Others take the word to be only a different name for the Ambiani; they join in a confederacy with the Veneti against Caesar, G. iii. 9 Ambi[=a]ni, or Ambianenses, the people of _Amiens;_ they furnish ten thousand men to the general confederacy of the Belgians against Caesar, G. ii. 4; sue for peace, and submit themselves to Caesar's pleasure, G. ii. 15 Ambi[=a]num, a city of Belgium, _Amiens_ Amb[)i]b[)a]ri, a people of Gaul, inhabiting _Ambie_, in Normandy Amb[)i][)o]rix, his artful speech to Sabinus and Cotta, G. v. 27; Caesar marches against him, G. vi. 249. Ravages and lays waste his territories, _ibid_. 34; endeavours in vain to get him into his hands, _ibid_. 43 Ambivar[)e]ti, a people of Gaul, the _Vivarais_. They are ordered to furnish their contingent for raising the siege of Alesia, G. vii. 75 Ambivar[=i]ti, an ancient people of _Brabant_, between the Rhine and the Maese; the German cavalry sent to forage among them, G. iv. 9 Ambr[)a]c[)i]a, a city of Epirus, _Arta_; Cassius directs his march thither, C. iii. 36 Ambrones, an ancient people, who lived in the country which is now called the _Canton of Bern_, in Switzerland Amph[)i]l[)o]chia, a region of Epirus, _Anfilocha_. Its inhabitants reduced by Cassius Longinus, C. iii. 55 Amph[)i]p[)o]lis, a city of Macedonia, _Cristopoli_, or _Emboli_. An edict in Pompey's name published there, C. iii. 102 Anartes, a people of Germany, _Walachians_, _Servians_, or _Bulgarians_, bordering upon the Hercynian Forest, G. vi. 25 Anas, a river of Spain, the _Guadiana_, or _Rio Roydera_, bounding that part of Spain under the government of Petreius, C. i. 38 Anc[)a]l[=i]tes, a people of Britain, of the hundred of _Henley_, in Oxfordshire; they send ambassadors to Caesar with an offer of submission, G. v. 21 Anch[)i][)a]los, a city of Thrace, near the Euxine Sea, now called _Kenkis_ Ancibarii, or Ansivarii, an ancient people of Lower Germany, of and about the town of _Ansestaet_, or _Amslim_ Anc[=o]na, _Ancona_, a city of Italy, on the coast of Pisenum. It is supposed to derive its name from the Greek word [Greek: agkon], an angle or elbow, on account of the angular form of the promontory on which it is built. The foundation of Ancona is ascribed by Strabo to some Syracusans, who were fleeing from the tyranny of Dionysius. Livy speaks of it as a naval station of great importance in the wars of Rome with the Illyrians. We find it occupied by Caesar (C. i. 2) shortly after crossing the Rubicon; Caesar takes possession of it with a garrison of one cohort, C. i. 11 Andes, _Angers_, in France, the capital of the duchy of Anjou Andes, a people of Gaul, the ancient inhabitants of the duchy of Anjou; Caesar puts his troops into winter quarters among them, G. ii. 35 Andomad[=u]num Ling[)o]num, a large and ancient city of Champagne, at the source of the river Marne, _Langres_ Anglesey (Mona), an island situated between Britain and Ireland, where the night, during the winter, is said to be a month long, G. v. 13 Angrivarii, an ancient people of Lower Germany, who dwelt between the Ems and the Weser, below the Lippe Ansivarii, see _Ancibarii_ Antioch[=i]a, _Antachia_, an ancient and famous city, once the capital of Syria, or rather of the East. It is situate on two rivers, the Orontes and the Phaspar, not far from the Mediterranean; refuses to admit the fugitives after the battle of Pharsalia, C. iii. 102 Ant[=o]nius (Mark Antony), Caesar's lieutenant, G. vii. i i; quaestor, G. viii. 2; governor of Brundusium, C. iii. 24; his standing for that priesthood, G. vii. 50; obliges Libo to raise the siege of Brundusium, C. iii. 24; and in conjunction with Kalenus transports Caesar's troops to Greece, _ibid_. 26 Apam[=e]a, _Apami_, a city of Bithynia, built by Nicomedes, the son of Prusias Apennine Mountains, a large chain of mountains, branching off from the Maritime Alps, in the neighbourhood of Genoa, running diagonally from the Ligurian Gulf to the Adriatic, in the vicinity of Ancona; from which it continues nearly parallel with the latter gulf, as far as the promontory of Garg[=a]nus, and again inclines to Mare Inf[)e]rum, till it finally terminates in the promontory of Leucopetra, near Rhegium. The etymology of the name given to these mountains must be traced to the Celtic, and appears to combine two terms of that language nearly synonymous, Alp, or Ap, "a high mountain," and Penn, "a summit" Apoll[=o]n[)i]a, a city of Macedonia, _Piergo_. Pompey resolves to winter there, C. iii. 5; Caesar makes himself master of it, _ibid_. iii. 12 Appia Via, the Appian road which led from Rome to Campania, and from the sea to Brundusium. It was made, as Livy informs us, by the censor, Appius Caecus, A.U.C. 442, and was, in the first instance, only laid down as far as Capua, a distance of about 125 miles. It was subsequently carried on to Beneventum, and finally to Brundusium. According to Eustace (_Classical Tour_, vol. iii.), such parts of the Appian Way as have escaped destruction, as at _Fondi_ and _Mola_, show few traces of wear and decay after a duration of two thousand years Apsus, a river of Macedonia, the _Aspro_. Caesar and Pompey encamp over against each other on the banks of that river, C. iii. 13 Apulia, a region of Italy, _la Puglia_. Pompey quarters there the legions sent by Caesar, C. i. 14 Aquil[=a]ria, a town of Africa, near Clupea. Pompey quarters there the legions sent by Caesar, C. i. 14; Curio arrives there with the troops designed against Africa. C. ii. 23 Aquileia, formerly a famous and considerable city of Italy, not far from the Adriatic, now little more than a heap of ruins, _Aquilegia_. Caesar draws together the troops quartered there, G. i. 10 Aquitania, a third part of ancient Gaul, now containing _Guienne_, _Gascony_, etc. Aquit[=a]ni, the Aquitanians reduced under the power of the Romans by Crassus, G. iii. 20-22; very expert in the art of mining, _ibid_. 21 Arar, or Araris, a river of Gaul, the Sa[^o]ne; the Helvetians receive a considerable check in passing this river, G. i. 12