"De Bello Gallico" and Other Commentaries

camp and routs them, 14, 15; crosses the Rhine, and returns to Gaul, 17 --19; his expedition into Britain described, 22; refits his navy, 31; comes to the assistance of his foragers whom the Britons had attacked, 34; returns to Gaul, 36; gives orders for building a navy, v. 1; his preparations for a second expedition into Britain, 2; marches into the country of Treves to prevent a rebellion, 3; marches to Port Itius, and invites all the princes of Gaul to meet him there, 5; sets sail for Britain, 8; describes the country and customs of the inhabitants, 12; fords the river Thames, and puts Cassivellaunus, the leader of the Britons, to flight, 18; imposes a tribute upon the Britons and returns into Gaul, 23; routs the Nervians, and relieves Cicero, 51; resolves to winter in Gaul, 53; his second expedition into Germany, vi. 9; his description of the manners of the Gauls and Germans, 13; his return into Gaul, and vigorous prosecution of the war against Ambiorix, 27; crosses the mountains of the Cevennes in the midst of winter, and arrives at Auvergne, which submits, vii. 8; takes and sacks Genabum, 11; takes Noviodunum, and marches from thence to Avaricum, 12; his works before Alesia, 69; withstands all the attacks of the Gauls, and obliges the place to surrender, 89; marches into the country of the Biturigians, and compels them to submit, viii. 2; demands Guturvatus, who is delivered up and put to death, 38; marches to besiege Uxellodunum, 39; cuts off the hands of the besieged at Uxellodunum, 44; marches to Corfinium, and besieges it, C. i. 16, which in a short time surrenders, 22; he marches through Abruzzo, and great part of the kingdom of Naples, 23; his arrival at Brundusium, and blockade of the haven, 24; commits the siege of Marseilles to the case of Brutus and Trebonius, 36; his expedition to Spain, 37; his speech to Afranius, 85; comes to Marseilles, which surrenders. C. ii. 22; takes Oricum, iii. 8; marches to Dyrrhachium to cut off Pompey's communication with that place, 41; sends Canuleius into Epirus for corn, 42; besieges Pompey in his camp, his reasons for it, 43; encloses Pompey's works within his fortifications: a skirmish between them, 45; his army reduced to great straits for want of provisions, 47; offers Pompey battle, which he declines, 56; sends Clodius to Scipio, to treat about a peace, whose endeavours prove ineffectual, 57; joins Domitius, storms and takes the town of Gomphis in Thessaly, in four hours' time, 80; gains a complete victory over Pompey in the battle of Pharsalia, 93; summons Ptolemy and Cleopatra to attend him, 107; burns the Alexandrian fleet, 111 Caesar[=e]a, the chief city of Cappadocia Caesia Sylva, the _Caesian_ Forest, supposed to be a part of the Hercynian Forest, about the duchy of Cleves and Westphalia Calagurritani, a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, inhabiting the province of _Calahorra;_ send ambassadors to Caesar with an offer of submission, C. i. 60 Cal[)e]tes, an ancient people of Belgic Gaul, inhabiting the country called _Le Pais de Caulx,_ in Normandy, betwixt the Seine and the sea; they furnish ten thousand men in the general revolt of Belgium, G. ii. 4 Cal[)y]don, a city of Aetolia, _Ayton,_ C. iii. 35 C[)a]m[)e]r[=i]num, a city of Umbria, in Italy, _Camarino_ Camp[=a]n[)i]a, the most pleasant part of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, now called _Terra di Lavoro_ Campi Can[=i]ni, a place in the Milanese, in Italy, not far from Belizona Campi Catalaunici, supposed to be the large plain which begins about two miles from Chalons sur Marne Cam[=u]l[)o]g[=e]nus appointed commander-in-chief by the Parisians, G. vii. 57; obliges Labienus to decamp from before Paris, _ibid.;_ is slain, 62 Cadav[)i]a, a country of Macedonia, _Canovia_ Caninefates, an ancient people of the lower part of Germany, near Batavia, occupying the country in which Gorckum, on the Maese, in South Holland, now is Can[=i]nius sets Duracius at liberty, who had been shut up in Limonum by Dumnacus, G. viii. 26; pursues Drapes, 30; lays siege to Uxellodunum, 33 Cant[)a]bri, the Cantabrians, an ancient warlike people of Spain, properly of the provinces of _Guipuscoa_ and _Biscay_; they are obliged by Afranius to furnish a supply of troops, C. i. 38 Cantium, a part of England, _the county of Kent_ C[)a]nus[=i]um, a city of Apulia, in Italy, _Canosa_. The splendid remains of antiquity discovered among the ruins of Canosa, together with its coins, establish the Grecian origin of the place Cappadocia, a large country in Asia Minor, upon the Euxine Sea Capr[)e]a, _Capri_, an island on the coast of Campania Cap[)u]a, _Capha_, a city in the kingdom of Naples, in the Provincia di Lavoro C[)a]r[)a]les, a city of Sardinia, _Cagliari_ C[)a]r[)a]l[)i]t[=a]ni, the people of _Cagliari_, in Sardinia; they declare against Pompey, and expel Cotta with his garrison, C. i. 30 Carc[)a]so, a city of Gaul, _Carcassone_ Carm[=o]na, a town of Hispania Baetica, _Carmone_; declares for Caesar, and expels the enemy's garrison, C. ii. 19 Carni, an ancient people, inhabiting a part of Noricum, whose country is still called _Carniola_ Carn[=u]tes, an ancient people of France, inhabiting the territory now called _Chartres_; Caesar quarters some troops among them, G. ii. 35; they openly assassinate Tasgetins, G. v. 25; send ambassadors to Caesar and submit, vi. 4; offer to be the first in taking up alms against the Romans, vii. 2; attack the Biturigians, but are dispersed and put to flight by Caesar. viii. 5 Carpi, an ancient people near the Danube Cassandr[)e]a, a city of Macedonia, _Cassandria_ Cassi, a people of ancient Britain, _the hundred of Caishow_, in _Hertfordshire_; they send ambassadors and submit to Caesar, G. v. 21 Caesil[=i]num, a town in Italy, _Castelluzzo_ Cassivellaunus, chosen commander-in-chief of the confederate Britons, G. v. 11; endeavours in vain to stop the course of Caesar's conquests, 18; is obliged to submit, and accept Caesar's terms, 22 Cassius, Pompey's lieutenant, burns Caesar's fleet in Sicily, C. iii. 101 Castellum Menapiorum, _Kessel_, a town in Brabant, on the river Neerse, not far from the Maese Cast[)i]cus, the son of Catam['a]ntaledes, solicited by Orgetorix to invade the liberty of his country, G. i. 3 Castra Posthumiana, a town in Hispania Baetica, _Castro el Rio_ Castra Vetera, an ancient city in Lower Germany, in the duchy of Cleves; some say where _Santon_, others where _Byrthon_ now is Castulonensis Saltus, a city of Hispania Tarraconensis, _Castona la Vieja_ Cativulcus takes up arms against the Romans at the instigation of Indutiomarus, G. v. 24; poisons himself, vi. 31 Cato of Utica, the source of his hatred to Caesar, C. i. 4; made praetor of Sicily, prepares for war, and abdicates his province, 30 Catur[)i]ges, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of _Embrun_, or _Ambrun_, or _Chagres_; oppose Caesar's passage over the Alps, G. i. 10 Cavalry, their institution and manner of fighting among the Germans, G. i. 48, iv. 2 Cavarillus taken and brought before Caesar, G. vii. 62 Cavarinus, the Senones attempt to assassinate him, G. v. 54; Caesar orders him to attend him with the cavalry of the Senones, vi. 5 Cebenna Mons, the mountains of the _Cevennes_, in Gaul, separating the Helvians from Auvergne Celeja, a city of Noricum Mediterraneum, now _Cilley_ Celtae, a people of Thrace, about the mountains of Rhodope and Haemus Celtae, an ancient people of Gaul, in that part called Gallia Comata, between the Garumna (_Garonne_) and Sequana (_Seine_), from whom that country was likewise called Gallia Celtica. They were the most powerful of the three great nations that inhabited Gaul, and are supposed to be the original inhabitants of that extensive country. It is generally supposed that they called themselves _Gail_, or _Gael_, out of which name the Greeks formed their [Greek: Keltai], and the Romans Galli. Some, however, deduce the name from the Gaelic "_Ceilt,_" an inhabitant of the forest Celt[)i]b[=e]ri, an ancient people of Spain, descended from the Celtae, who settled about the River Iberus, or _Ebro_, from whom the country was called Celtiberia, now _Arragon_; Afranius obliges them to furnish a supply of troops, C. i. 38 Celtillus, the father of Vercingetorix, assassinated by the Arverni, G. vii. 4 Cenimagni, or Iceni, an ancient people of Britain, inhabiting the counties of _Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire_, and _Huntingdonshire_ Cenis Mons, that part of the Alps which separates Savoy from Piedmont Cenni, an ancient people of Celtic extraction Cenom[=a]ni, a people of Gallia Celtica, in the country now called _Le Manseau_, adjoining to that of the Insubres Centr[=o]nes, an ancient people of Flanders, about the city of _Courtray_, dependent on the Nervians Centr[=o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country of Tarantaise Cerauni Montes, Mountains of Epirus, _Monti di Chimera_ Cerc[=i]na, an island on the coast of Africa, _Chercara, Cercare_ Cevennes, mountains of, Caesar passes them in the midst of winter, though covered with snow six feet deep, G. vii. 8 Chara, a root which served to support Caesar's army in extreme necessity, C. iii. 48; manner of preparing it, _ibid_. Chariots, manner of fighting with them among the Britons, G. iv. 33; dexterity of the British charioteers, _ibid_. Cherron[=e]sus, a peninsula of Africa, near Alexandria Cherson[=e]sus Cimbr[=i]ca, a peninsula on the Baltic, now _Jutland_, part of _Holstein, Ditmarsh_, and _Sleswic_ Cherusci, a great and warlike people of ancient Germany, between the Elbe and the Weser, about the country now called _Mansfield_, part of the duchy of _Brunswick_, and the dioceses of _Hildesheim_ and _Halberstadt_. The Cherusci, under the command of Arminius (Hermann), lured the unfortunate Varus into the wilds of the Saltus Teutoburgiensis (Tutinger Wold), where they massacred him and his whole army. They were afterwards defeated by Germanicus, who, on his march through the forest so fatal to his countrymen, found the bones of the legions where they had been left to blanch by their barbarian conqueror.--See Tacitus's account of the March of the Roman Legions through the German forests, _Annals,_ b. i. c. 71 Cicero, Quintus, attacked in his winter quarters by Ambi[)o]rix, G. v. 39; informs Caesar of his distress, who marches to relieve him, 46; attacked unexpectedly by the Sigambri, who are nevertheless obliged to retire, vi. 36 Cimbri, _the Jutlanders,_ a very ancient northern people, who inhabited Chersonesus Cimbrica Cing[)e]t[)o]rix, the leader of one of the factions among the Treviri, and firmly attached to Caesar, G. v. 3; declared a public enemy, and his goods confiscated by Indutiom[)a]rus, 56 Cing[)u]lum, a town of Pic[=e]num, in Italy, _Cingoli_ Cleopatra, engaged in a war with her brother Ptolemy, C. iii. 103 Clod[)i]us sent by Caesar to Scipio, to treat about a peace, but without effect, C. iii. 90 Cocas[=a]tes, a people of Gaul, according to some the _Bazadois_ Caelius Rufus raises a sedition in Rome, C. iii. 20; is expelled that city, then joins with Milo, 21; he is killed, 22 C[)o]imbra, an ancient city of Portugal, once destroyed, but now rebuilt, on the river _Mendego_ Colchis, a country in Asia, near Pontus, including the present _Mingrelia_ and _Georgia_ Com[=a]na Pont[)i]ca, a city of Asia Minor, _Com,_ or, _Tabachzan_ Com[=a]na of Cappadocia, _Arminacha_ Comius sent by Caesar into Britain to dispose the British states to submit, G. iv. 21; persuades the Bellov[)a]ci to furnish their contingent to the relief of Alesia, vii. 76; his distrust of the Romans,