Fiue hundred pointes of good husbandrie
déepe hole to make.
A scraper to pare
the earth about bare.
A hone to raise roote,
like sole of a boote.
Sharpe knife to cut
superfluous gut.
10
Who graffing looues,
now graffing prooues.
Of euerie suite,
graffe daintie fruite.
Graffe good fruite all,
or graffe not at all.
11
Graffe soone may be lost,
both grafting and cost.
Learne here[5] take héed
what counsell doth béed.[6]
12
Sowe barlie that can,
too soone ye shall ban.
Let horse kéepe his owne,
till barlie be sowne.
Sowe euen thy land,
with plentifull hand.
Sowe ouer and vnder,
in claie is no woonder.
13[7]
By sowing in wet,
is little to get.
14
Straight folow the plough,
and harrow inough.
With sling go throwe,[8]
to scare away crowe.
15
Rowle after a deaw,
when barlie doth sheaw.
More handsom to make it,
to mowe and to rake it.
16
Learne here ye may
best harrowing way.
17[9]
Now rowle thy wheat,
where clods be too great.
18
Make readie a plot,
for séeds for the pot.
19
Best searching minds
the best waie finds.
20
For garden best
is south southwest.
21
Good tilth brings séedes,
euill tilture, wéedes.
22
For sommer sowe now,
for winter sée how.
23
Learne time to knowe,
to set or sowe.[10]
24
Yoong plants soone die,
that growes too drie.
25
In countrie doth rest,
what season is best.
26
Good peason and léekes
makes pottage for créekes.
27
Haue spoone meat inough,
for cart and the plough.
Good poore mans fare,
is poore mans care.
And not to boast,
of sod and roast.
28
Cause rooke and rauen
to séeke a new hauen.
Thus endeth Marches abstract, agréeing with Marches husbandrie.
¶ Other short remembrances.
[29]
Geld lambes now all,
straight as they fall.
Looke twise a day,
least lambes decay.
[30]
Where horse did harrow,
put stones in barrow,
And[11] laie them by,
in heapes on by.
[31]
Let oxe once fat
lose nothing of that.
Now hunt with dog,
vnyoked hog.
[32]
With Doues good luck,
reare[12] goose and duck.
To spare aright
spare March his flight.
[33] The following additional couplets are in 1577.
Saue chikins poore buttocks
from pye, crowe, & puttocks.
Some loue now best
yong rabbets nest.
Now knaues will steale
pig, lamb, and veale.
Here learne to knowe
what seedes to sowe.
And such to plant
whose seedes do want.
[1] St. 3, first couplet,
What champion useth
woodland refuseth. 1577.
[2] mouth them. 1573 (M.); mowse. 1577.
[3] the. 1573, 1577.
[4] her. 1577.
[5] to. 1577.
[6] bid, 1577; beed, 1585; breed, 1614.
[7] St. 13 is not in 1577.
[8] sling or bowe. 1577.
[9] Stanzas 17, 26, and first couplet of 27 are not in 1577.
[10] Lines transposed in 1577.
[11] or. 1577.
[12] hen. 1577.
39.
_Seedes and herbes for the Kitchen._
1 Auens.[E195]
2 Betanie.[E196]
3 Bléets or béets,[E197] white or yellow.
4 Bloodwoort[E198] [Bloodwoorth, 1577].
5 Buglas.[E199]
6 Burnet.[E200]
7 Burrage.[E201]
8 Cabage remoue in June.
9 Clarie.[E202]
10 Coleworts.[E203]
11 Cresses.
12 Endiue.
13 Fenell.[E204]
14 French Malows.
15 French Saffron set in August.
16 Langdebiefe.[E205]
17 Léekes[E206] remoue in June.
18 Lettis remoue in May.
19 Longwort.[E207]
20 Liuerwort.[E208]
21 Marigolds[E209] often cut.
22 Mercurie.[E210]
23 Mints at all times.
24 Nep.[E211]
25 Onions [Oyneons, 1577] from December to March.
26 Orach[E212] or arach, redde and white.
27 Patience.[E213]
28 Perceley.
29 Peneriall.[E214]
30 Primerose.[E215]
31 Poret.
32 Rosemary[E216] in the spring time [to growe south or west].[1]
33 Sage red and white.
34 [English][2] Saffron[E217] set in August.
35 Summer sauerie.
36 Sorell.
37 Spinage.[E218]
38 Suckerie.
39 Siethes.[E219]
40 Tanzie.[E220]
41 Time.
42 Violets of all sorts.
43 Winter sauerie.
[1] Omitted in 1577.
[2] Omitted in 1577.
40.
_Herbes and rootes for sallets and sauce._
1 Alexanders, at all times.
2 Artichoks.
3 Blessed thistle,[E221] or _Carduus benedictus_.
4 Cucumbers in April and May.
5 Cresies, sowe with Lettice in the spring.
6 Endiue.
7 Mustard séede, sowe in the spring and at Mihelmas.
8 Musk million, in April and May.
9 Mints.
10 Purslane.[E222]
11 Radish, and after remoue them.
12 Rampions.[E223]
13 Rokat,[E224] in April.
14 Sage.[E225]
15 Sorell.
16 Spinage, for the sommer.
17 Sea holie.[E226]
18 Sperage, let growe two yeares, and then remoue.
19 Skirrets, set these plants in March.
20 Suckerie.
21 Tarragon, set in slippes in March.[1]
22 Violets [of all coulors].[2]
These buie with the penie,
Or looke not for anie.
1 Capers.
2 Lemmans.
3 Oliues.
4 Orengis.
5 Rise.
6 Sampire.[E227]
[1] Tarragon, April, 1577.
[2] Omitted in 1577.
41.
_Herbes and rootes to boile or to butter._
1 Beanes, set in winter.
2 Cabbegis,[E228] sowe in March, and after remooue.
3 Carrets.
4 Citrons,[E229] sowe in May.
5 Goordes in May.
6 Nauewes sowe in June.
7 Pompions in May.
8 Perseneps in winter.
9 Runciuall pease set in winter.
10 Rapes sowe in June.
11 Turneps in March & April.
42.
_Strowing herbes of all sortes._
1 Bassel,[E230] fine and busht, sowe in May.
2 Baulme, set in March.
3 Camamel.
4 Costmarie.[E231]
5 Cousleps and paggles.[E232]
6 Daisies of all sorts.
7 Swéete fennell.
8 Garmander.[E233]
9 Isop, set in Februarie.
10 Lauender.
11 Lauender spike.
12 Lauender cotten.[E234]
13 Maierom knotted, sowe or set at the spring.
14 Mawdelin.[E235]
15 Penal riall.
16 Roses of all sorts, in Januarie and September.
17 Red mints.
18 Sage.
19 Tanzie.
20 Violets.
21 Winter sauerie.
43.
_Herbes, branches, and flowers, for windowes and pots._
1 Baies,[E236] sowe or set in plants in Januarie.
2 Batchelers buttons.[E237]
3 Botles, blew, red, and tawnie.
4 Collembines.[E238]
5 Campions.
6 Cousleps.[1]
7 Daffadondillies.[E239]
8 Eglantine,[E240] or swéet brier.
9 Fetherfew.[E241]
10 Flower armor[2][E242] sowe in May.
11 Flower de luce.[E243]
12 Flower gentle,[E244] white and red.
13 Flower nice.
14 Gileflowers,[E245] red white and carnations, set in spring, and at
Haruest in pots, pailes or tubs, or for sommer in beds.
15 Holiokes,[E246] red, white and carnations.
16 Indian eie,[E247] sowe in May, or set in slips in March.
17 Lauender of all sorts.
18 Larkes foot.
19 Laus tibi.[E248]
20 Lillium cum valium.[3][E249]
21 Lillies, red and white, sowe or set in March and September.
22 Marigolds double.
23 Nigella Romana.[E250]
24 Pauncies or hartesease.[E251]
25 Paggles, gréene and yelow.
26 Pinkes of all sorts.
27 Quéenes gilleflowers.
28 Rosemarie.
29 Roses of all sorts.
30 Snag dragons.[4]
31 Sops in wine.[E252]
32 Swéete Williams.[E253]
33 Swéete Johns.[E254]
34 Star of Bethelem.
35 Star of Jerusalem.[E255]
36 Stocke gilleflowers of all sorts.
37 Tuft gilleflowers.[E256]
38 Veluet flowers,[E257] or french Marigolds.
39 Violets, yellow and white.
40 Wall gilleflowers of all sorts.
[1] Omitted in 1577.
[2] armour. 1577; amour. 1614.
[3] convallium. 1617
[4] Snap dragons. 1577.
44.
_Herbes to still in Sommer._
1 Blessed thistle.
2 Betanie [Betonye, 1577].
3 Dill.
4 Endiue.
5 Eiebright.[E258]
6 Fennell.
7 Fumetorie.[E259]
8 Isop.
9 Mints.
10 Plantine.
11 Roses red and damaske.
12 Respies.
13 Saxefrage.
14 Strawberies.
15 Sorell.
16 Suckerie.
17 Woodrofe[E260] for swéete waters and cakes.
45.
_Necessarie herbes to growe in the garden for Physick, not rehersed
before._
1 Annis.
2 Archangel.[E261]
3 Betanie.
4 Charuiel.
5 Cinqfile.
6 Cummin.[E262]
7 Dragons.
8 Detanie,[1][E263] or garden ginger.
9 Gromel[E264] séed, for the stone.
10 Hartstong.
11 Horehound.
12 Louage[E265] for the stone.
13 Licoras.
14 Mandrake.[E266]
15 Mogwort[E267] [Mogworth, 1577].
16 Pionées.
17 Poppie.
18 Rew.[E268]
19 Rubarb.
20 Smalach, for swellings.
21 Saxefrage, for the stone.
22 Sauin, for the bots.[E269]
23 Stitchwort.[E270]
24 Valerian.
25 Woodbine.[E271]
[26]
Thus ends in bréefe,
Of herbes the chéefe,
To get more skill,
Read whom ye will,
Such mo to haue,
Of field go craue.
[1] Betany, in 1577. Thus mistakes in synonyms arise.
46.
¶ _Marches husbandrie.
Chap._ 36.
March dust to be sold,
Worth ransome of gold.
Forgotten month past,
Doe now at the last.
[Sidenote: [Sowing of white peason. 1577.]]
1
White peason, both good for the pot and the purse,[1]
by sowing too timelie, prooue often the wurse.
Bicause they be tender and hateth the cold,
prooue March er ye sowe them, for being too bold.
[Sidenote: Spare eating of meadowe.]
2
Spare meadow at Gregorie,[E272] marshes at Pask,
for feare of drie Sommer, no longer time ask.
Then hedge them and ditch them, bestow thereon pence:
corne, meadow and pasture, aske alway good fence.
[Sidenote: In Lent haue an ey to shéep biters.]
3
Of mastiues and mungrels,[E273] that manie we see,
a number of thousands too manie there bee.
Watch therefore in Lent, to thy sheepe go and looke,
for dogs will haue vittles,[2] by hooke or by crooke.[E274]
[Sidenote: Setting of hops.]
4
In March at the furdest, drie season or wet,
hop rootes so well chosen, let skilfull go set.
The goeler[3] and yonger the better I loue;
well gutted[4] and pared, the better they proue.
5
Some laieth them croswise, along in the ground,
as high as the knee they doo couer vp round.
Some prick vp a stick in the mids of the same,
that little round hillock the better to frame.
6
Some maketh a hollownes, halfe a foot deepe,
with fower sets in it, set slant wise a steepe:
One foot from another, in order to lie,
and thereon a hillock, as round as a pie.
7
Five foot from another ech hillock would stand,
as straight as a leaueled line with the hand.
Let euerie hillock be fower foot wide,
the better to come to on euerie side.
8
By willowes[E275] that groweth thy hopyard without,
and also by hedges thy meadowes about.
Good hop hath a pleasure to climbe and to spred,
if Sunne may haue passage to comfort hir bed.
[Sidenote: Hop tools.]
9
Get crowe made of iron, deepe hole for to make,
with crosse ouerthwart it, as sharpe as a stake.
A hone[5] and a parer, like sole of a boote,[6]
to pare away grasse and to raise vp the roote.
[Sidenote: Graffing.]
10
In March is good grafting, the skilfull doo knowe,
so long as the wind in the East doo not blowe.
From Moone being changed til past be the prime,[7]
for grafting and cropping is verie good time.
11
Things graffed or planted,[8] the greatest and least,
defend against tempest, the bird[9] and the beast.
Defended shall prosper, the tother is lost,
the thing with the labour, the time and the cost.
[Sidenote: Sowing of barlie.]
12
Sowe barlie in March, in April and Maie,
the latter[10] in sand, and the sooner in claie.[11]
What worser for barlie than wetnes and cold?
what better to skilfull than time to be bold?[E276]
13[12]
Who soweth his barlie too soone or in raine,
of otes[13] and of thistles shall after complaine.
I speake not of Maie weed,[E277] cockle[E278] and such,
that noieth the barlie, so often and much.
14
Let barlie be harrowed, finelie as dust,
then workmanly trench it and fence it ye must.
This season well plied, set sowing an end,