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France and England in North America, Part III: La Salle, Discovery of The Great West

Francis Parkman

380, 382, 388, 389, 392, 393, 395, 396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 406, 407, 409, 410, 411, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 428; sketches the portrait of La Salle, 430; the assassination of La Salle, 432, 433; danger of, 436; friendship of L'Archevêque for, 436; doubt and anxiety, 437, 438; among the Cenis Indians, 440-445; plans to escape, 445-447; the murder of Duhaut, 448, 449; sets out for home, 450; his party, 451; among the Assonis, 451-453; arrival at the Arkansas, 453; friendly reception, 455; descends the Arkansas, 456; on the Illinois, 457; at Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, 457; visit to Father Allouez, 459; reaches Montreal, 462; embarks for France, 462; character of, 462. Kahokias, the, 223. Kalm, 244. Kamalastigouia, 275. Kankakee, the sources of, 167, 204, 288, 316. Kansa (Kanzas), the, 478. Kanzas, the, 478. Kappa band, the, of the Arkansas, 299. "Kaskaskia," Illinois village of, 74; the mission at, 79. Kaskaskias, the, 223, 477. Kiakiki River, the, 167. Kickapoos, the, location of 43; join the Mascoutins and Miamis, 62; murder Father Ribourde, 233. Kilatica, the, join La Salle's colony, 316. King Philip's War, 285. Kingston, 87, 90. Kious (Sioux), the, 307. Kiskakon Ottawas, the, 81, 237. Knisteneaux, the, at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, 40. Koroas, the, 308. La Barre, Le Febvre de, 182; succeeds Frontenac as governor, 318; weakness and avarice of, 318; royal instructions to, 319; letters from La Salle, 319-322; defames La Salle to Seignelay, 322-324; plots against La Salle, 325; takes possession of Fort Frontenac and Fort St. Louis, 325-327; ordered by the King to make restitution, 351, 482. Labrador, coasts of, 58; explored by Joliet, 77. La Chapelle, 193; takes false reports of La Salle to Fort Crèvecoeur, 217. La Chesnaye, 102, 326. La Chine, the seigniory of La Salle at, 12; La Salle lays the rude beginnings of a settlement at, 13; La Salle and the Sulpitians set out from, 19; origin of the name, 29, 88, 486. La Chine Rapids, the, 75. La Crosse, Indian game of, 50. La Divine River, the (Des Plaines River), 477, 481. La Forest, La Salle's lieutenant, 101, 143, 203, 204, 208, 215, 236, 286, 287, 292, 326, 333, 351, 352, 467, 485. La Forge, 147, 218. La Harpe, 255. La Hontan, 145, 153; loss of the "Griffin," 182, 275, 276, 485, 486. Lakes, Upper, 24, 27; Galinée, makes the earliest map of, 28, 38; Jesuit missions on, 39; Marquette on, 59, 85; Frontenac's plan to command, 96; first vessel on, 145; La Salle on, 151-163. Lalemant, 139. La Metairie, Jacques de, 308. La Motte, see _Lussière, La Motte de_. Lanquetot, see _Liotot_. Laon, 59. La Pointe, Jesuit mission of St. Esprit at, 40. La Potherie, 49; reception of Saint-Lusson by the Miamis, 50; Henri de Tonty's iron hand, 129; loss of the "Griffin," 182; the Iroquois attack on the Illinois, 235. L'Archevêque, 421, 425; murders Moranget, Saget, and Nika, 426; the assassination of La Salle, 429; friendship for Joutel, 436; danger of, 449, 470, 471; sent to Spain, 472. La Sablonnière, Marquis de, 380, 388, 407, 409, 418. La Salle, Sieur de, birth of, 7; origin of his name, 7; connection with the Jesuits, 8; characteristics of, 9; parts with the Jesuits, 9; sails for Canada, 10; at Montreal, 10; schemes of, 11; his seigniory at La Chine, 12; begins to study Indian languages, 14; plans of discovery, 14, 15; sells his seigniory, 16; joins his expedition to that of the seminary priests, 17; sets out from La Chine, 19; journey of, 19, 20; hospitality of the Senecas, 21; fears for his safety, 22; meeting with Joliet, 23; _belles paroles_ of, 25; parts with the Sulpitians, 25; obscurity of his subsequent work, 28; goes to Onondaga, 29; deserted by his men, 30; meeting with Perrot, 30; reported movements of, 31; Talon claims to have sent him to explore, 31; affirms that he discovered the Ohio, 32; discovery of the Mississippi, 33; discovered the Illinois River, 35; pays the expenses of his expeditions, 49; in great need of money, 49; borrows merchandise from the Seminary, 49; contrasted with Marquette, 83; called a visionary, 83; projects of, 84; Frontenac favorably disposed towards, 85; faculty for managing the Indians, 89; at Montreal, 97; champions Frontenac, 99; goes to France, 99; recommended to Colbert by Frontenac, 99; petitions for a patent of nobility and a grant of Fort Frontenac, 100; his petition granted, 100; returns to Canada, 101; oppressed by the merchants of Canada, 101; Le Ber becomes the bitter enemy of, 101; aims at the control of the valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi, 102; opposed by the Jesuits, 102; the most dangerous rival of the Jesuits for the control of the West, 104; the Prince de Conti the patron of, 106; the Abbé Renaudot's memoir of, 106, 107; account of, 107; not well inclined towards the Récollets, 108; plots against, 113; caused no little annoyance by his brother, 114; Jesuit intrigues against, 115; attempt to poison, 116; exculpates the Jesuits, 116; letter to the Prince de Conti, 118; the Jesuits induce men to desert from, 118; defamed to Colbert, 119; at Fort Frontenac, 120; sails again for France, 122; his memorial laid before Colbert, 122; urges the planting of colonies in the West, 123; receives a patent from Louis XIV., 124; forbidden to trade with the Ottawas, 125; given the monopoly of buffalo-hides, 126; makes plans to carry out his designs, 126; assistance received from his friends, 127; invaluable aid received from Henri de Tonty, 127; joined by La Motte de Lussière, 129; sails for Canada, 129; makes a league with the Canadian merchants, 129; met by Father Hennepin on his return to Canada, 130; joined by Father Hennepin, 131; relations with Father Hennepin, 134, 135; sets out to join La Motte, 141; almost wrecked, 142; treachery of his pilot, 142; pacifies the Senecas, 142; delayed by jealousies, 143; returns to Fort Frontenac, 143; unfortunate in the choice of subordinates, 143; builds a vessel above the Niagara cataract, 144; jealousy and discontent, 147; lays foundation for blockhouses at Niagara, 148; the launch of the "Griffin," 149; his property attached by his creditors, 150; on Lake Huron, 152; commends his great enterprise to St. Anthony of Padua, 152; at St. Ignace of Michilimackinac, 153; rivals and enemies, 154; on Lake Michigan, 155; at Green Bay, 155; finds the Pottawattamies friendly, 155; sends the "Griffin" back to Niagara laden with furs, 156; trades with the Ottawas, 156; hardships, 158; encounter with the Outagamies, 160, 161; rejoined by Tonty, 162; forebodings concerning the "Griffin," 163; on the St. Joseph, 164; lost in the forest, 165; on the Illinois, 166; Duplessis attempts to murder, 166; the Illinois town, 169, 170; hunger relieved, 171; Illinois hospitality, 173; still followed by the intrigues of his enemies, 175; harangues the Indians, 177; deserted by his men, 178; another attempt to poison, 178; builds Fort Crèvecoeur, 180; loss of the "Griffin," 181; anxieties of, 183; a happy artifice, 184; builds another vessel, 185; sends Hennepin to the Mississippi, 185; parting with Tonty, 188; hardihood of, 189-201; his winter journey to Fort Frontenac, 189; the deserted town of the Illinois, 191; meeting with Chief Chassagoac, 192; "Starved Rock," 192; Lake Michigan, 193; the wilderness, 193, 194; Indian alarms, 195; reaches Niagara, 197; man and nature in arms against, 198; mutineers at Fort Crèvecoeur, 199; chastisement of the mutineers, 201; strength in the face of adversity, 202; his best hope in Tonty, 202; sets out to succor Tonty, 203; kills buffalo, 205; a night of horror, 207; fears for Tonty, 209; finds the ruins of Fort Crèvecoeur, 211; beholds the Mississippi, 212; beholds the "Great Comet of 1680," 213; returns to Fort Miami, 215; jealousy of the Iroquois of, 219, 238; route of, 276; Margry brings to light the letters of, 281; begins anew, 283; plans for a defensive league, 284; Indian friends, 285; hears good news of Tonty, 287; Illinois allies, 287; calls the Indians to a grand council, 289; his power of oratory, 289; his harangue, 289; the reply of the chiefs, 291; finds Tonty, 292; parts with a portion of his monopolies, 293; at Toronto, 293; reaches Lake Huron, 294; at Fort Miami, 294; on the Mississippi, 297; among the Arkansas Indians, 299; takes formal possession of the Arkansas country, 300; visited by the chief of the Taensas, 302; visits the Coroas, 305; hostility, 305; the mouth of the Mississippi, 306; takes possession of the Great West for France, 306; bestows the name of "Louisiana" on the new domain, 309; attacked by the Quinipissas, 310; revisits the Coroas, 310; seized by a dangerous illness, 310; rejoins Tonty at Michilimackinac, 311; his projected colony on the banks of the Illinois, 313; intrenches himself at "Starved Rock," 313; gathers his Indian allies at Fort St. Louis, 315; his colony on the Illinois, 316; success of his colony, 318; letters to La Barre, 319-322; defamed by La Barre to Seignelay, 322-324; La Barre plots against, 325; La Barre takes possession of Fort Frontenac and Fort St. Louis, 325-327; sails for France, 327; painted by himself, 328-342; difficulty of knowing him, 328; his detractors, 329; his letters, 329-331; vexations of his position, 331; his unfitness for trade, 332; risks of correspondence, 332; his reported marriage, 334; alleged ostentation, 335; motives of actions, 335; charges of harshness, 336; intrigues against him, 337; unpopular manners, 337, 338; a strange confession, 339; his strength and his weakness, 340, 341; contrasts of his character, 341, 342; at court, 343; received by the King, 344; new proposals of, 345-347; small knowledge of Mexican geography, 348; plans of, 349; his petitions granted, 350; Forts Frontenac and St. Louis restored by the King to, 351; preparations for his new enterprise, 353; divides his command with Beaujeu, 353; lack of harmony between Beaujeu and, 354-361; indiscretion of, 361; overwrought brain of, 362; farewell to his mother, 364; sails from Rochelle, 366; disputes with Beaujeu, 366; the voyage, 368; his illness, 368; Beaujeu's complaints of, 370; resumes his journey, 372; enters the Gulf of Mexico, 373; waiting for Beaujeu, 374; coasts the shores of Texas, 374; meeting with Beaujeu, 375; perplexity of, 375-377; lands in Texas, 379; attacked by the Indians, 380; wreck of the "Aimable," 381; forlorn position of, 383; Indian neighbors, 384; Beaujeu makes friendly advances to, 385; departure of Beaujeu, 387; at Matagorda Bay, 391; misery and dejection, 393; the new Fort St. Louis, 394; explorations of, 395; adventures of, 402; again falls ill, 404; departure for Canada, 405; wreck of the "Belle," 407; Maxime Le Clerc makes charges against, 410; Duhaut plots against, 410; return to Fort St. Louis, 411; account of his adventures, 411-413; among the Cenis Indians, 413; attacked with hernia, 417; Twelfth Night at Fort St. Louis, 417; his last farewell, 418; followers of, 420;