Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot

LINEAGE LIFE AND LABORS of JOSE RIZAL PHILIPPINE PATRIOT A Study of the Growth of Free Ideas in the Trans-Pacific American Territory BY AUSTIN CRAIG ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ORIENTAL HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES AUTHOR OF "THE STUDY OF JOSE RIZAL," "EL LINEAJE DEL DOCTOR RIZAL," ETC. INTRODUCTION BY JAMES ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, L.H.D. MANILA 1913 DEDICATION To the Philippine Youth The subject of Doctor Rizal's first prize-winning poem was The Philippine Youth, and its theme was "Growth." The study of the growth of free ideas, as illustrated in this book of his lineage, life and labors, may therefore fittingly be dedicated to the "fair hope of the fatherland." Except in the case of some few men of great genius, those who are accustomed to absolutism cannot comprehend democracy. Therefore our nation is relying on its young men and young women; on the rising, instructed generation, for the secure establishment of popular self-government in the Philippines. This was Rizal's own idea, for he said, through the old philosopher in "Noli me Tangere," that he was not writing for his own generation but for a coming, instructed generation that would understand his hidden meaning. Your public school education gives you the democratic view-point, which the genius of Rizal gave him; in the fifty-five volumes of the Blair-Robertson translation of Philippine historical material there is available today more about your country's past than the entire contents of the British Museum afforded him; and you have the guidance in the new paths that Rizal struck out, of the life of a hero who, farsightedly or providentially, as you may later decide, was the forerunner of the present regime. But you will do as he would have done, neither accept anything because it is written, nor reject it because it does not fall in with your prejudices--study out the truth for yourselves. Introduction In writing a biography, the author, if he be discriminating, selects, with great care, the salient features of the life story of the one whom he deems worthy of being portrayed as a person possessed of preeminent qualities that make for a character and greatness. Indeed to write biography at all, one should have that nice sense of proportion that makes him instinctively seize upon only those points that do advance his theme. Boswell has given the world an example of biography that is often wearisome in the extreme, although he wrote about a man who occupied in his time a commanding position. Because Johnson was Johnson the world accepts Boswell, and loves to talk of the minuteness of Boswell's portrayal, yet how many read him, or if they do read him, have the patience to read him to the end? In writing the life of the greatest of the Filipinos, Mr. Craig has displayed judgment. Saturated as he is with endless details of Rizal's life, he has had the good taste to select those incidents or those phases of Rizal's life that exhibit his greatness of soul and that show the factors that were the most potent in shaping his character and in controlling his purposes and actions. A biography written with this chastening of wealth cannot fail to be instructive and worthy of study. If one were to point out but a single benefit that can accrue from a study of biography written as Mr. Craig has done that of Rizal, he would mention, I believe, that to the character of the student, for one cannot study seriously about men of character without being affected by that study. As leading to an understanding of the character of Rizal, Mr. Craig has described his ancestry with considerable fulness and has shown how the selective principle has worked through successive generations. But he has also realized the value of the outside influences and shows how the accidents of birth and nation affected by environment plus mental vigor and will produced Jose Rizal. With a strikingly meager setting of detail, Rizal has been portrayed from every side and the reader must leave the biography with a knowledge of the elements that entered into and made his life. As a study for the youth of the Philippines, I believe this life of Rizal will be productive of good results. Stimulation and purpose are presented (yet not didactically) throughout its pages. One object of the author, I should say, has been to show how both Philippine history and world history helped shape Rizal's character. Accordingly, he has mentioned many historical matters both of Philippine and world-wide interest. One cannot read the book without a desire to know more of these matters. Thus the book is not only a biography, it is a history as well. It must give a larger outlook to the youth of the Philippines. The only drawback that one might find in it, and it seems paradoxical to say it, is the lack of more detail, for one leaves it wishing that he knew more of the actual intimate happenings, and this, I take it, is the best effect a biography can have on the reader outside of the instructive and moral value of the biography. JAMES A. ROBERTSON. MANILA, P. I. CONTENTS Dedication. To the Philippine Youth Introduction I. America's Forerunner II. Rizal's Chinese Ancestry III. Liberalizing Hereditary Influences IV. Rizal's Early Childhood V. Jagor's Prophecy VI. The Period of Preparation VII. The Period of Propaganda VIII. Despujol's Duplicity IX. The Deportation to Dapitan X. Consummatum Est XI. The After Life In Memory LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Rizal Frontispiece Painted in oils by Felix Resurrection Hidalgo (in color). Philippine Money and Postage Stamps Portrait of Rizal Painted in oils by Juan Luna in Paris. Facsimile (in color). Columbus at Barcelona From a print in Rizal's scrapbook. Portrait Group Rizal at thirteen. Rizal at eighteen. Rizal in London. The portrait on the postage stamp. The Baptismal Record of Domingo Lam-co Facsimile. Portrait Group 1. In Luna's home. 2. In 1890. 3. The portrait on the paper money. 4. In 1891. 5. In 1892. Pacific Ocean Spheres of Influence Made by Rizal during President Harrison's administration. Father of Rizal Portrait. Mother of Rizal Portrait. Rizal's Family-Tree Made by Rizal when in Dapitan. Birthplace of Jose Rizal From a photograph. Sketches by Rizal A group made during his travels. Bust of Rizal's Father Carved in wood by Rizal. The Church and Convento at Kalamba From a photograph. Father Leoncio Lopez From a photograph. The Lake District of Central Luzon Sketch made by Rizal. Rizal's Uncle, Jose Alberto From a photograph. Sir John Bowring, K.C.B. From an old print. Jose Del Pan of Manila From a photograph. Governor De La Torre From an old print. Archbishop Martinez From an old print. The Very Rev. James Burgos, D.D. From a photograph. Gen. F. T. Ward From a photograph. Monument to the "Ever-Victorious" Army, Shanghai From a photograph. Mrs. Rizal and Her Two Daughters From a photograph. Bilibid Prison From an old print. Model of a Head of a Dapitan Girl From a photograph. Memorial to Jose Alberto in the Church at Binan From a photograph. Books from Rizal's Library From a photograph. Rizal's Carving of the Sacred Heart From a photograph. Bust of Father Guerrico, S. J. From a photograph. Two Views of a Composite Statuette by Rizal From photographs. Model in Clay of a Dapitan Woman From a photograph. Sketch of Himself in the Training Class Photograph from the original. Oil Painting of Rizal's Sister, Saturnina Photograph from the painting. Rizal's Parting View of Manila Pencil sketch by himself. Sketches: 1. Singapore Lighthouse. 2. Along the Suez Canal. 3. Castle of St. Elmo From Rizal's sketch book. Studies of Passengers on the French Mail Steamer From Rizal's sketch book. Aden, May 28, 1882 From Rizal's sketch book. Don Pablo Ortigas y Reyes From a photograph. First Lines of a Poem by Rizal to Miss Reyes Facsimile. Rizal in Juan Luna's Studio in Paris From a photograph. The Ruined Castle at Heidelberg From a photograph. Dr. Rudolf Virchow From a photograph. The House where Rizal Completed "Noli Me Tangere" From a photograph. Manuscript of "Noli Me Tangere" Facsimile. Portrait of Dr. F. Blumentritt Pencil sketch by Rizal. The Victory of Death over Life and of Science over Death Statuettes by Rizal from photographs. Jose T. De Andrade, Rizal's Bodyguard From an old print. Jose Maria Basa of Hongkong From a photograph. Imitations of Japanese Art From Rizal's sketch book. Dr. Antonio Maria Regidor From a photograph. A "Wheel of Fortune" Answer Book Facsimile. Dr. Reinhold Rost From a photograph. A Page from Andersen's Fairy Tales Translated by Rizal Facsimile. Dedication of Rizal's Translation of Andersen's Fairy Tales Facsimile. A Trilingual Letter by Rizal Facsimile. Morga's History in the British Museum From a photograph of the original. Application, Recommendation and Admission to the British Museum From photographs of the originals. "La Solidaridad" From photograph of the original. Staff of "La Solidaridad" From a photograph. Rizal Fencing with Luna in Paris From a photograph. General Weyler Known as "Butcher" Weyler From a photograph. Rizal's Parents during the Land Troubles From photographs. The Writ of Eviction against Rizal's Father Facsimile of the original. Room in which "El Filibusterismo" was Begun Pencil sketch by Rizal. First Page of the Manuscript of "El Filibusterismo" Facsimile from the original. Cover of the Manuscript of "El Filibusterismo" Facsimile of the original. Rizal's Professional Card when in Hongkong Facsimile of the original. Statuette Modeled by Rizal From a photograph. Don Eulogio Despujol From an old print. Proposed Settlement in Borneo Facsimile of original sketch. Rizal's Passport or "Safe Conduct" Photograph of the original. Part of Despujol's Private Inquiry Facsimile of the original. Case Secretly Filed against Rizal Facsimile of the original. Luis De La Torre, Secretary to Despujol From an old print. Regulations of La Liga Filipina Facsimile in Rizal's handwriting. The Calle Ilaya Monument to Rizal and La Liga Filipina From a photograph. Three New Species Discovered by Rizal and Named After Him From an engraving. Specimens Collected by Rizal and Father Sanchez From photographs. Statuette by Rizal, The Mother's Revenge From a photograph. Father Sanchez, S. J. From a photograph. Drawings of Fishes Caught at Dapitan Twelve facsimiles of Rizal's originals. Plan of the Water Works for Dapitan Facsimile of Rizal's sketch. Jewelry of Earliest Moro Converts From a photograph. Hill and Excavations where the Jewelry was Found Facsimile of a sketch by Rizal. List of Ethnographical Material Facsimile. The Blind Mr. Taufer From a photograph. Rizal's Father-in-Law From a photograph. Carved Portrait of Josefina Bracken From a photograph. Josefina Bracken's Baptismal Certificate Facsimile of the original. Josefina Bracken, Afterwards Mrs. Jose Rizal From a photograph. Leonora Rivera Pencil sketch by Rizal. Leonora Rivera at the Age of Fifteen From a photograph. Letter to His Nephew by Rizal Facsimile. Ethnographical Material Collected by Rizal From a print. Cell in which Rizal was Imprisoned From a photograph. Cuartel De Espana From a photograph. Luis T. De Andrade From an old print. Interior of Cell From a photograph. Rizal's Wedding Gift to His Wife Facsimile of original. Rizal's Symbolic Name in Masonry Facsimile of original. The Wife of Jose Rizal From a photograph. Execution of Rizal