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Main currents in American thought An interpretation of American literature from the beginnings to 1920

Vernon Louis Parrington

1868). Charles Sotheran, _Horace Greeley_ (New York, 1915). See also John R. Commons, “Horace Greeley and the Working-Class Origins of the Republican Party” (_Political Science Quarterly_, Vol. XXIV, pp. 468-488). Herman Melville: The best edition is The Standard (16 vols., London, 1922-23). Also see _Works_ (4 vols., edited by A. Stedman, New York, 1892, 1896; Boston, 1900, 1910). Convenient editions of _Typee_, _Omoo_, and _Moby-Dick_ are plentiful. The indispensable life is Raymond Weaver’s _Herman Melville: Mariner and Mystic_ (New York, 1921), with bibliography. Also see John Freeman, _Herman Melville_ (in _English Men of Letters Series_, New York, 1926). Book III: Part I I. For the political backgrounds, see A. E. Morse, _The Federalist Party in Massachusetts to the Year 1800_ (Princeton, 1909). W. A. Robinson, _Jeffersonian Democracy in New England_ (New Haven, 1916). Samuel Eliot Morison, _Life and Letters of Harrison Gray Otis_ (2 vols., Boston. 1913). Fisher Ames: _Works_ (with memoir by J. T. Kirkland, Boston, 1809). _Works, with a Selection from his Speeches and Correspondence_ (edited by his son, Seth Ames, 2 vols., Boston, 1854). Robert Treat Paine: _Works in Prose and Verse_ (with memoir, Boston, 1812). II. Joseph Story: _Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States_ (3 vols., Boston, 1833; numerous later editions). See W. W. Story, _Life and Letters of Joseph Story_ (2 vols., Boston, 1851). Daniel Webster: The best edition of his works is The National--_The Writings and Speeches of Daniel Webster_ (18 vols., Boston, 1903). _Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster_ (2 vols., Boston, 1857). _Letters_ (edited by C. H. Van Tyne, New York, 1902). See George Ticknor Curtis, _Life of Daniel Webster_ (2 vols., New York and London, 1870). For a critical contemporary estimate see Theodore Parker, _Discourse Occasioned by the Death of Daniel Webster_ (Boston, 1853). See also Charles A. Beard, _The Economic Basis of Politics_ (New York, 1922). Book III: Part II I. Unitarianism: See George Willis Cooke, _Unitarianism in America: A History of its Origin and Development_ (Boston, 1902). Williston Walker, _A History of the Congregational Churches in the United States_ (New York, 1894). William Ellery Channing: _Works_ (5 vols., Boston, 1841; sixth volume added in 1843; numerous later editions). An excellent life is J. W. Chadwick, _William Ellery Channing, Minister of Religion_ (Boston, 1903). See also William H. Channing, _Memoir of William Ellery Channing_ (3 vols., Boston, 1848). II. Perfectionism: For materials see Garrison, _Life of William Lloyd Garrison_ (4 vols., New York, 1885-1889). Brook Farm: See Lindsay Swift, _Brook Farm; Its Members, Scholars and Visitors_ (New York, 1906; contains bibliography). J. T. Codman, _Brook Farm: Historic and Personal Memoirs_ (Boston, 1894). Nathaniel Hawthorne, _Blithedale Romance_. Abolitionism: Sufficient materials will be found in Garrison, _Life of William Lloyd Garrison_ (4 vols., New York, 1885-1889). See also Catherine N. Birney, _Sarah and Angelina Grimké_ (Boston, 1885); and _James C. Birney and His Times, by His Son, William Birney_ (New York, 1890). III. William Lloyd Garrison: See Garrison, _Life of William Lloyd Garrison_ (4 vols., New York, 1885-1889). John G. Whittier: _The Writings of John Greenleaf Whittier_ (Riverside Edition, 7 vols., Boston, 1885-1889). See G. R. Carpenter, _John Greenleaf Whittier_ (in _American Men of Letters Series_).--T. S. Pickard, _Life and Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier_ (2 vols., Boston, 1894).--F. H. Underwood, _John Greenleaf Whittier. A Biography_ (Boston, 1884). Harriet Beecher Stowe: _Works_ (Riverside Edition, 16 vols., Boston, 1896; with life by Mrs. Field, 17 vols., 1898). See Mrs. J. T. Fields, _The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe_ (Boston, 1897). Book III: Part III I. Transcendentalism: The literature is abundant. See _The Dial_ (4 vols., Boston, 1840-1844).--_The Harbinger_ (4 vols., New York, 1844-1848).--Harold Clarke Goddard, _Studies in New England Transcendentalism_ (New York, 1908).--O. B. Frothingham, _Transcendentalism in New England. A History_ (New York, 1876).--See also Sylvester Judd, _Margaret. A Tale of the Real and Ideal_ (2 vols., Boston, 1845; revised edition, 1851). II. Ralph Waldo Emerson: _Works_ (Riverside Edition, edited by James Eliot Cabot, 12 vols., Boston, 1884-1893; London, 1884-1893; Centenary Edition, with biographical introduction and notes by E. W. Emerson, 12 vols., Boston, 1903-04; London, 1904).--_Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson, with Annotations_ (edited by Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes, 10 vols., Boston, 1909-1914).--_Uncollected Writings. Essays, Addresses, Poems, Reviews and Letters by Ralph Waldo Emerson_ (New York [1912]). See George Willis Cooke, _Bibliography of Ralph Waldo Emerson_ (Boston, 1908). James Eliot Cabot, _A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson_ (2 vols., Boston, 1887). George Willis Cooke, _Ralph Waldo Emerson; His Life, Writings, and Philosophy_ (Boston, 1881). Oscar W. Firkins, _Ralph Waldo Emerson_ (Boston, 1915). W. C. Brownell, _American Prose Masters_ (New York, 1909). III. Henry David Thoreau: _Works_ (Riverside Edition, 11 vols., Boston, 1894; Manuscript Edition, 20 vols. [Vols. VII-XX contain the Journals], Boston, 1906). See Francis H. Allen, _A Bibliography of Henry David Thoreau_ (Boston and New York, 1908). William E. Channing, _Thoreau, the Poet-Naturalist_ (Boston, 1873, 1902). F. B. Sanborn, _Henry D. Thoreau_ (in _American Men of Letters Series_, Boston, 1882, 1910); _The Personality of Thoreau_ (Boston, 1901); _The Life of Henry David Thoreau_ (Boston and New York, 1917). Léon Bazalgette, _Henry Thoreau--Bachelor of Nature_ (translated by Van Wyck Brooks, New York, 1924). IV. Theodore Parker: _Collected Works_ (edited by F. P. Cobbe, 14 vols., London, 1863-71). _The Critical and Miscellaneous Writings of Theodore Parker_ (Boston, 1843). _Speeches, Addresses and Occasional Sermons_ (2 vols., Boston, 1876). _The American Scholar_ (with notes by George Willis Cooke, Boston, 1907). An excellent study is J. W. Chadwick, _Theodore Parker, a Biography_ (Boston, 1900), containing a bibliography John Weiss, _Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker_ (2 vols., New York, 1864)--indispensable. V. Margaret Fuller: Her works have not been collected. Important titles are: _Woman in the Nineteenth Century_ (New York and London, 1845; with additional papers and introduction by Horace Greeley, New York, 1855). _Life Without and Life Within_ (Boston, 1860; New York, 1869). _Papers on Literature and Art_ (2 vols., New York and London, 1846). An excellent study is Katharine Anthony, _Margaret Fuller: A Psychological Biography_ (New York, 1920). See also R. W. Emerson, W. H. Channing, and J. F. Clarke, _Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli_ (2 vols., Boston, 1833). Thomas Wentworth Higginson, _Margaret Fuller Ossoli_ (in _American Men of Letters Series_, Boston, 1884), containing bibliography. Book III: Part IV I. Henry W. Longfellow: _The Writings of ... with Bibliographical and Critical Notes_ (11 vols., Boston, 1886 [Vols. I-VI, _Poetical Works_; VII-VIII, _Prose Works_; IX-XI, _Dante_]). See Samuel Longfellow, _Life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow_ (3 vols., Boston and New York, 1891). T. W. Higginson, _Henry Wadsworth Longfellow_ (in _American Men of Letters Series_, Boston and New York, 1902). II. Nathaniel Hawthorne: _Works_ (12 vols., Boston, 1871-76; Fireside Edition, 12 vols., Boston, 1879; Riverside Edition, 12 vols., Boston, 1883; Standard Library Edition, 15 vols., Boston, 1891 [contains _Nathaniel Hawthorne and his Wife_, by Julian Hawthorne]; New Wayside Edition, 13 vols., Boston, 1902). The best-known life is Julian Hawthorne, _Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife_ (2 vols., Boston, 1885). Henry James, _Nathaniel Hawthorne_ (in _English Men of Letters Series_, London, 1879; New York, 1885, 1887). See also W. C. Brownell, _American Prose Masters_ (New York, 1909). John Erskine, _Great American Novelists_ (New York, 1910). Carl Van Doren, _The American Novel_ (New York, 1921); Stuart P. Sherman, _Americans_ (New York, 1923). III. Oliver Wendell Holmes: _Works_ (Riverside Edition, 13 vols., Boston, 1891, additional volume, 1892; Autocrat Edition, 13 vols., Boston and New York, 1904). See George B. Ives _A Bibliography of Oliver Wendell Holmes_ (Boston and New York, 1907). John T. Morse, _Life and Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes_ (2 vols., Boston and New York, 1896).--Lewis W. Townsend, _Oliver Wendell Holmes. Centenary Biography_ (London, 1909). James Russell Lowell: _Works_ (Riverside Edition, 13 vols., Boston and New York, 1902 [contains Scudder’s _Life_]; Elmwood Edition, 16 vols., Boston, 1904 [four volumes of letters]). _Anti-Slavery Papers_ (2 vols., Boston and New York, 1902). _Letters of James Russell Lowell_ (edited by Charles Eliot Norton, 2 vols., New York, 1893; 3 vols., Boston, 1904). _Early Prose Writings of ..._ (2 vols., New York, 1903). G. W. Cooke, _A Bibliography of James Russell Lowell_ (Boston and New York, 1906). H. E. Scudder, _James Russell Lowell: A Biography_ (2 vols., Boston, 1901). Ferris Greenslet, _James Russell Lowell: A Biography_ (2 vols., Boston, 1901). Ferris Greenslet, _James Russell Lowell: His Life and Work_ (Boston, 1905). See also C. Hartley Grattan, “Lowell” (_The American Mercury_, Vol. II, p. 69): Harry Hayden Clark, _Lowell’s Criticism of Romantic Literature_ (“Publications of the Modern Language Association,” March, 1926); W. D. Howells, _Literary Friends and Acquaintances_ (New York, 1902); Henry James, _Essays in London and Elsewhere_ (New York, 1893); J. J. Reilly, _James Russell Lowell as a Critic_ (New York, 1915); and John M. Robertson, _Lowell as a Critic_ (_North American Review_, February, 1919). Index [Volume Two] _Abolitionists, The_, 333, 337 _Abraham Davenport_, 370 _Account of Col. Crockett’s Tour to the North and Down East_, 173, 174, 176 Adams, John, 13, 15, 17, 22, 78, 82, 95, 119, 187, 198, 226, 231, 282, 283, 305, 306, 316, 325, 393, 456 ----, John Quincy, 242, 249, 276, 365 ----, Samuel, 292, 380, 423 Addison, Joseph, 31, 35, 199, 453 _Additional Speeches_, 297 n, 300, 316, 415, 420, 421 n, 422, 423 _Adventures of Captain Bonneville_, 209, 211 _Aeneid_, 32 Agassiz, Louis, 458 _Agriculture of England, The_, 304 Alcott, Bronson, 342, 348, 349, 394, 402, 426 _Alcuin, A Dialogue_, 189 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 469 _Alexander H. Stephens, Life of_, 83, 86, 89, 91 Alexis, Grand Duke, 458 _American Democrat, The_, 226, 227 _American Liberty_, 287 _American Mercury, The_, 466 n _American Note-Books_, 447, 448, 449 _American Notes_, 441 _American Novel, The_, 133 _American Political Ideas_, 94, 334 n _American Scholar, The_, 390 Ames, Fisher, ii, 19, 21, 36, 109, 113, 116, 119, 198, 241, 276, 279-288, 291, 293, 296, 297, 315, 317, 329 ----, Dr. Nathaniel, 279, 280 _Anarchiad, The_, 24 Anne, Queen, 452 Anthony, Katharine, 427, 432 _Anti-Apis_, 464 n Anti-Rent Novels, 231, 233 _Apology and Defense_, 309 n _Arbitrament of National Disputes, The_, 121 n Aristotle, 307 Arnold, Matthew, 265, 472 _Arthur Mervyn_, 190 Astor, John Jacob, 195, 201, 203, 208, 211, 231 _Astoria_, 209, 211 Ashe, Thomas, 215 _Augustus Baldwin Longstreet_, 169 n, 170 _Authorship of David Crockett’s Autobiography, The_, 177 n _Autobiography of Davy Crockett_, 166 _Autobiography of Joseph Story_, 300 _Backwoodsman, The_, 215 Bacon, Lord, 31, 307