Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth
Antony, 22, 29, 63, 83-4.
_Arden of Feversham_, 9.
Ariel, 264.
Aristotle, 16, 22.
Art, Shakespeare's, conscious, 68-9;
defects in, 71-78.
Arthur, 294.
_As You Like It_, 71, 267, 390.
Atmosphere in tragedy, 333.
Banquo, 343, _379-86_.
Barbara, the maid, 175.
Battle-scene, 62, 451, 469;
in _King Lear_, 255, Note X.
Beast and man, in _King Lear_, 266-8;
in _Timon_, 453.
Bernhardt, Mme., 379.
Biblical ideas, in _King Lear_, 328.
Bombast, 73, 75-6, 389, Note F.
Brandes, G., 379, 393.
Brutus, 7, 14, 22, 27, 32, 81-2, 101, 364.
Caliban, 264.
Cassio, 211-3, _238-9_, 433-4.
Catastrophe, humour before, 61-2;
battle-scenes in, 62;
false hope before, 63;
extended, 62;
in _Antony_ and _Coriolanus_, 83-4.
See _Hamlet_, etc.
Character, and plot, 12;
is destiny, 13;
tragic, 19-23.
Chaucer, 8, 346.
Children, in the plays, 293-5.
Cleopatra, 7, 20, 84, 178, 208.
Coleridge, 104-5, 107, 109, 127, 165, 200, 201, 209, 223, 226, 228, 249,
343, 353, 362, 389, 391, 392, 397, 412, 413.
Comedy, 15, 41.
Conflict, tragic, 16-9;
originates in evil, 34;
oscillating movement in, 50;
crisis in, 51-5;
descending movement of, 55-62.
Conscience. See Hamlet.
Cordelia, 29, 32, 203-6, 250, 290, 314, _315-26_, Note W.
_Coriolanus_, 3, 9, 43, 394-5;
crisis, 53;
hero off stage, 57;
counter-stroke, 58;
humour, 61;
passion, 82;
catastrophe, 83-4;
versification, Note BB.
Coriolanus, 20, 29, 83-4, 196.
Cornwall, 298-9.
Crisis. See Conflict.
Curtain, no front, in Shakespeare's theatre, 185, 458.
_Cymbeline_, 7, 21, 72, 80, Note BB;
Queen in, 300.
Desdemona, 32, 165, 179, 193, 197, _201-6_, 323, 433, 437-9.
Disillusionment, in tragedies, 175.
Dog, the, Shakespeare and, 268.
Don John, 110, 210.
Double action in _King Lear_, 255-6, 262.
Dowden, E., 82, 105, 330, 408.
Dragging, 57-8, 64.
Drunkenness, invective against, 238.
Edgar, _305-7_, 453, 465.
Edmund, 210, 245, 253, _300-3_, Notes P, Q.
See Iago.
Emilia, 214-6, 237, _239-42_, Note P.
Emotional tension, variations of, 48-9.
Evil, origin of conflict, 34;
negative, 35;
in earlier and later tragedies, 82-3;
poetic portrayal of, 207-8;
aspects of, specially impressive to Shakespeare, 232-3;
in _King Lear_, 298, 303-4, 327;
in _Tempest_, 328-30;
in _Macbeth_, 331, 386.
Exposition, 41-7.
Fate, Fatality, 10, 26-30, 45, 59, 177, 181, 287, 340-6.
Fleay, F.G., 419, 424, 445, 467, 479.
Fool in _King Lear_, the, 258, _311-5_, 322, 447, Note V.
Fools, Shakespeare's, 310.
Forman, Dr., 468, 493.
Fortinbras, 90.
Fortune, 9, 10.
Freytag, G., 40, 63.
Furness, H.H., 199, 200.
Garnet and equivocation, 397, 470-1.
Ghost, Banquo's, 332, 335, 338, 361, Note FF.
Ghost, Caesar's, Note FF.
Ghost in _Hamlet_, 97, 100, 118, 120, 125, 126, 134, 136, 138-40,
_173-4_.
Ghosts, not hallucinations because appearing only to one in a company,
140.
Gloster, 272, _293-6_, 447.
Gnomic speeches, 74, 453.
Goethe, 101, 127, 165, 208.
Goneril, 245, _299-300_, 331, 370, 447-8.
Greek tragedy, 7, 16, 30, 33, 182, 276-9, 282.
Greene, 409.
Hales, J.W., 397.
_Hamlet_, exposition, 43-7;
conflict, 17, 47, 50-1;
crisis and counter-stroke, 52, 58-60, 136-7;
dragging, 57;
humour, and false hope, before catastrophe, 61, 63;
obscurities, 73;
undramatic passages, 72, 74;
place among tragedies, 80-8;
position of hero, 89-92;
not simply tragedy of thought, 82, 113, 127;
in the Romantic Revival, 92, 127-8;
lapse of time in, 129, 141;
accident, 15, 143, 173;
religious ideas, 144-5, 147-8, 172-4;
player's speech, 389-90, Note F;
grave-digger, 395-6;
last scene, 256.
See Notes A to H, and BB.
Hamlet, only tragic character in play, 90;
contrasted with Laertes and Fortinbras, 90, 106;
failure of early criticism of, 91;
supposed unintelligible, 93-4;
external view, 94-7;
'conscience' view, 97-101;
sentimental view, 101-4;
Schlegel-Coleridge view, 104-8, 116, 123, 126-7;
temperament, 109-10;
moral idealism, 110-3;
reflective genius, 113-5;
connection of this with inaction, 115-7;
origin of melancholy, 117-20;
its nature and effects, 120-7, 103, 158;
its diminution, 143-4;
his 'insanity,' 121-2, 421;
in Act II. 129-31, 155-6;
in III. i. 131-3, 157, 421;
in play-scene, 133-4;
spares King, 134-6, 100, 439;
with Queen, 136-8;
kills Polonius, 136-7, 104;
with Ghost, 138-40;
leaving Denmark, 140-1;
state after return, 143-5, 421;
in grave-yard, 145-6, 153, 158, 421-2;
in catastrophe, 102, 146-8, 151, 420-1;
and Ophelia, 103, 112, 119, 145-6, 152-9, 402, 420-1;
letter to Ophelia, 150, 403;
trick of repetition, 148-9;
word-play and humour, 149-52, 411;
aesthetic feeling, 133, 415;
and Iago, 208, 217, 222, 226;
other references, 9, 14, 20, 22, 28, 316, 353, Notes A to H.
Hanmer, 91.
Hazlitt, 209, 223, 228, 231, 243, 248.
Hecate, 342, Note Z.
Hegel, 16, 348.
_2 Henry VI._, 492.
_3 Henry VI._, 222, 418, 490, 492.
_Henry VIII._, 80, 472, 479.
Heredity, 30, 266, 303.
Hero, tragic, 7;
of 'high degree,' 9-11;
contributes to catastrophe, 12;
nature of, 19-23, 37;
error of, 21, 34;
unlucky, 28;
place of, in construction, 53-55;
absence of, from stage, 57;
in earlier and later plays, 81-2, 176;
in _King Lear_, 280;
feeling at death of, 147-8, 174, 198, 324.
Heywood, 140, 419.
Historical tragedies, 3, 53, 71.
Homer, 348.
Horatio, 99, 112, 310, Notes A, B, C.
Humour, constructional use of, 61;
Hamlet's, 149-52;
in _Othello_, 177;
in _Macbeth_, 395.
Hunter, J., 199, 338.
Iachimo, 21, 210.
Iago, and evil, 207, 232-3;
false views of, 208-11, 223-7;
danger of accepting his own evidence, 211-2, 222-5;
how he appeared to others, 213-5;
and to Emilia, 215-6, 439-40;
inferences hence, 217-8;
further analysis, 218-22;
source of his action, 222-31;
his tragedy, 218, 222, 232;
not merely evil, 233-5;
nor of supreme intellect, 236;
cause of failure, 236-7;
and Edmund, 245, 300-1, 464;
and Hamlet, 208, 217, 222, 226;
other references, 21, 28, 32, 192, 193, 196, 364, Notes L, M, P, Q.
Improbability, not always a defect, 69;
in _King Lear_, 249, 256-7.
Inconsistencies, 73;
real or supposed, in _Hamlet_, 408;
in _Othello_, Note I;
in _King Lear_, 256, Note T;
in _Macbeth_, Notes CC, EE.
Ingram, Prof., 478.
Insanity in tragedy, 13;
Ophelia's, 164-5, 399;
Lear's, 288-90.
Intrigue in tragedy, 12, 67, 179.
Irony, 182, 338.
Isabella, 316, 317, 321.
Jameson, Mrs., 165, 204, 379.
Jealousy in Othello, 178, 194, Note L.
Job, 11.
Johnson, 31, 91, 294, 298, 304, 377, 420.
Jonson, 69, 282, 389.
Juliet, 7, 204, 210.
_Julius Caesar_, 3, 7, 9, 33, 34, 479;
conflict, 17-8;
exposition, 43-5;
crisis, 52;
dragging, 57;
counter-stroke, 58;
quarrel-scene, 60-1;
battle-scenes, 62;
and _Hamlet_, 80-2;
style, 85-6.
Justice in tragedy, idea of, 31-33, 279, 318.
Kean, 99, 243-4.
Kent, _307-10_, 314, 321, 447, Note W.
King Claudius, 28, 102, 133, 137, 142, _168-72_, 402, 422.
_King John_, 394, 490-1.
_King Lear_, exposition, 44, 46-7;
conflict, 17, 53-4;
scenes of high and low tension, 49;
dragging, 57;
false hope before catastrophe, 63;
battle-scene, 62, 456-8;
soliloquy in, 72, 222;
place among tragedies, 82, 88, see Tate;
Tate's, 243-4;
two-fold character, 244-6;
not wholly dramatic, 247;
opening scene, 71, 249-51, 258, 319-21, 447;
blinding of Gloster, 185, 251;
catastrophe, 250-4, 271, 290-3, 309, 322-6;
structural defects, 254-6;
improbabilities, etc., 256-8;
vagueness of locality, 259-60;
poetic value of defects, 261;
double action, 262;
characterisation, 263;
tendency to symbolism, 264-5;
idea of monstrosity, 265-6;
beast and man, 266-8;
storm-scenes, 269-70, 286-7, 315;
question of government of world, in, 271-3;
supposed pessimism, 273-9, 284-5, 303-4, 322-30;
accident and fatality, 15, 250-4, 287-8;
intrigue in, 179;
evil in, 298, 303-4;
preaching patience, 330;
and _Othello_, 176-7, 179, 181, 244-5, 441-3;
and _Timon_, 245-7, 310, 326-7, 443-5;
other references, 8, 10, 61, 181, Notes R to Y, and BB.
Koenig, G., Note BB.
Koppel, R., 306, 450, 453, 462.
Laertes, 90, 111, 142, 422.
Lamb, 202, 243, 248, 253, 255, 269, 343.
Language, Shakespeare's, defects of, 73, 75, 416.
Lear, 13, 14, 20, 28, 29, 32, 249-51, _280-93_, 293-5, Note W.
Leontes, 21, 194.
_Macbeth_, exposition, 43, 45-6;
conflict, 17-9, 48, 52;
crisis, 59, 60;
pathos and humour, 61, 391, 395-7;
battle-scenes, 62;
extended catastrophe, 64;
defects in construction, 57, 71;
place among tragedies, 82, 87-8, Note BB;
religious ideas, 172-4;
atmosphere of, 333;
effects of darkness, 333-4,
colour, 334-6,
storm, 336-7,
supernatural, etc., 337-8,
irony, 338-40;
Witches, 340-9, 362, 379-86;
imagery, 336, 357;
minor characters, 387;
simplicity, 388;
Senecan effect, 389-90;
bombast, 389, 417;
prose, 388, 397-400;
relief-scenes, 391;
sleep-walking scene, 378, 398, 400;
references to Gunpowder Plot, 397, 470-1;
all genuine? 388, 391, 395-7, Note Z;
and _Hamlet_, 331-2;
and _Richard III._, 338, 390, 395, 492;
other references, 7, 8, 386, and Notes Z to FF.
Macbeth, 13, 14, 20, 22, 28, 32, 63, 172, 343-5, _349-65_, 380, 383,
386, Notes CC, EE.
Macbeth, Lady, 13, 28, 32, 349-50, 358, 364, _366-79_, 398-400, Notes
CC, DD.
Macduff, 387, 391-2, 490-1.
Macduff, Lady, 61, 387, 391-2.
Macduff, little, 393-5.
Mackenzie, 91.
Marlowe, 211, 415-6.
Marston's possible reminiscences of Shakespeare's plays, 471-2.
_Measure for Measure_, 76, 78, 275, 397.
Mediaeval idea of tragedy, 8, 9.
Melancholy, Shakespeare's representations of, 110, 121.
See Hamlet.
Mephistopheles, 208.
_Merchant of Venice_, 21, 200.
Metrical tests, Notes S, BB.
Middleton, 466.
_Midsummer Night's Dream_, 390, 469.
Milton, 207, 362, 418.
Monstrosity, idea of, in _King Lear_, 265-6.
Moral order in tragedy, idea of, 26, 31-9.
Moulton, R.G., 40.
Negro? Othello a, 198-202.
Opening scene in tragedy, 43-4.
Ophelia, 14, 61, 112, _160-5_, 204, 399.
See Hamlet.
Oswald, 298, 448.
_Othello_, exposition, 44-5;
conflict, 17, 18, 48;
peculiar construction, 54-5, 64-7, 177;
inconsistencies, 73;
place among tragedies, 82, 83, 88;
and _Hamlet_, 175-6;
and _King Lear_, 176-7, 179, 181, 244-5, 441-3;
distinctive effect, and its causes, 176-80;
accident in, 15, 181-2;
objections to, considered, 183-5;
point of inferiority to other three tragedies, 185-6;
elements of reconciliation in catastrophe, 198, 242;
other references, 9, 61, Notes I to R, and BB.
Othello, 9, 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 32, 176, 178, 179, _186-98_, 198-202,
211, 212, Notes K to O.
Pathos, and tragedy, 14, 103, 160, 203, 281-2;
constructional use of, 60-1.
Peele, 200.
_Pericles_, 474.
Period, Shakespeare's tragic, 79-89, 275-6.
Pessimism, supposed, in _King Lear_, 275-9, 327;
in _Macbeth_, 359, 393.
Plays, Shakespeare's, list of, in periods, 79.
Plot, 12.
See Action, Intrigue.
'Poetic justice,' 31-2.
Poor, goodness of the, in _King Lear_ and _Timon_, 326.
Posthumus, 21.
Problems, probably non-existent for original audience, 73, 157, 159,
315, 393, 483, 486, 488.
Prose, in the tragedies, 388, 397-400.
Queen Gertrude, 104, 118, 134, 136-8, 161, 164, _166-8_.
Reconciliation, feeling of, in tragedy, 31, 36, 84, 147-8, 174, 198,