Studies in Literature and History
FOOTNOTES:
[58] Delivered as President of the Congress for the History of
Religions, September 1908.--_Fortnightly Review_, November 1908.
[59] 'Cujus regio ejus religio.'
[60] _The Development of Religion in Japan_, G. W. Knox, 1907.
[61] 'Atheism did never disturb States' (Bacon).
INDEX
Acton, Lord:
On causes of Franco-German War, 346.
Quoted, 362 (footnote), 386, 396, 398.
Advice to writers of history, 384, 394.
Also 370, 374, 375, 387.
Addison's _Blenheim_ criticised in _Esmond_, 101.
Adventure, see Novels of.
Adventures of Moreau de Jonnes, 16.
Popularity of, in short stories, 31.
Afghan:
Blood feuds, border forays, etc., 163, 164.
War, 163, 318.
Songs, 168.
Frontier and frontier policy, 319, 324.
Character, 320.
Afghanistan:
Barrier to Russian advance in Asia, 316.
British policy towards, compared with Russian policy in Caucasus, 317.
Is acquiring a territorial connotation, 416.
Eastern bulwark of Islam, 417, 449.
Akhlongo, siege of, 305.
Althorp, Lord, 64.
Armenians, their position and misfortunes, 414.
Arnold, Matthew:
Lord Morley's article on his letters, 50.
His letters reviewed, 57.
Quoted, 58, 59, 60, 61,177, 257.
Praised and criticised by Swinburne, 282, 287.
Also 126, 183, 207, 266, 281.
Asia and foreign dynasties, 417.
Asoka, 436.
Austen, Jane, as novelist of manners, 21, 24.
Austria-Hungary, intermixture of races and religions in, 403.
Balfour, Arthur James, _Foundations of Belief_, 250.
Balkans, policy of the Turks in the, 407.
Balzac, 94.
Bariatinsky, 314.
Beauchamp and the Utilitarian rejection of theology, 255.
Behn, Mrs. Aphra, 2.
Benedetti, 332, etc.
Bentham, see 'Utilitarians.'
Beowulf, 168.
Bismarck, see 'L'Empire Liberal,' _passim_.
Blavatsky, Madame, 134.
Blood feuds in Afghanistan, 321.
On the Scotch borders, 323.
Bonaparte, 92, 187.
Bossuet, 451.
Braddock, General, 104.
Braddon, Miss, 26.
Bret Harte, 32.
Bright, John: 'Force no remedy,' 260.
Broad Church, 62, 257.
Bronte, Charlotte, 25.
Broughton, Miss, 26.
Brown: definition of 'Intuition,' 238.
Browning, Robert, 69, 266, 267.
Swinburne's homage to, 282.
Buckle, 253, 261.
Buddhism, 400, 423, and see 'The State in Relation to Religion.'
Bulwer-Lytton, Sir E., 99, 116.
_Burial of Sir John Moore_, 173.
Burke's letters, 37.
Burney, Miss, 21.
Butler's _Analogy_, 236.
=Byron, Works of Lord=, 177-209.
Additions to his published letters, 178.
Their bearing on his reputation, 179.
Causes affecting his popularity, 183.
Comparison with Chateaubriand, 186, 194.
His success in oriental romance, 187;
and in heroic verse, 190.
Defects, tendency to declamation, etc., 191.
Carelessness, contrast between his theory and practice, 193.
Comparison with Scott, _The Giaour_, 195.
Metre of his romantic poems, 197.
His dramas, failure in blank verse, 198.
His lyrical power, examples, 200.
_Beppo_ and _Don Juan_, 203.
Founder of modern realism in poetry, 204.
_Vision of Judgment_, 206.
Conclusions: value of his influence, 207.
Byron, Lord, as realist, 6.
Also 13 and 97, and see under 'Letter-writing.'
Campbell, Thomas:
Carlyle's description, 64.
As heroic poet, 173.
Carlyle, Thomas, see 'Letter-writing.'
Denounces Utilitarianism, 256.
Swinburne's tribute, 283.
His descriptive method, 383.
See also 9, 58, 116, 215.
Castlereagh, Lord, 180, 183.
Caucasus, see 'Frontiers,' 291, etc.
Cavagnari, in Afghan ballads, 163.
Cervantes, 108.
Chanson de Roland, 161.
Charles Edward, Prince, authentic incident in _Esmond_, 104.
Chateaubriand, 97, 115, 185-187, 194.
Chaucer, 1.
_Chevy Chase_, 170.
Chillianwalla in fiction, 128.
China, religious systems, 423.
Religious polity, 438.
Christian missions in India, 326.
Christianity and Islam, as militant religions, 400, 408, 421.
Compared with Buddhism, etc., 427.
Form alliances with the State, 434, 441.
Church and State:
Lord Acton on, 398.
Separation a modern idea, 421.
Importance to the Church of recognition, 445.
Diminishing closeness of the connection, 450.
Gladstone and Macaulay on, 452.
Clough, 266.
Coleridge, S. T., see 'Letter-writing.'
Connection of speculative ideas and political movements,
211, 229, 237, 372.
Quoted, 33, 181, 393.
Also mentioned, 37, 185, 265, 287.
Colvin, Sidney, quoted, 40, 71.
Comte and J. S. Mill, 255.
Cooper, Fenimore, 32.
Cowper, as letter-writer, 37, 66.
Quoted, 62.
Crabbe, 193.
Quoted, 69.
Crimean War, 311, 313.
_Cujus regio ejus religio_, 436.
Dante, 39.
Dargo, in the Caucasus, attack on, 307-308.
Darmesteter, Afghan ballads, 163, 168.
Davidson on rhyme in poetry, 279, 280.
Defoe, 3, 99.
De la Gorce:
On Napoleon III., 330.
On the French ministry, 339, 347.
De Musset, Alfred, 111.
De Stael, Madame, 180.
De Tocqueville, 331, 402.
De Voguee, 252.
Dickens, Charles, 23, 30, 68, 98.
Direct narration in fiction, 18.
Disraeli, Benjamin, as novelist, 18.
Drama, rival of the novel, 2.
Du Barail, General:
On Napoleon III., 330.
On Ollivier, 331.
Due de Gramont, 331, etc.
Duvernois' interpellation in French Chamber, 342, 347.
Edgeworth, Miss, 21.
Eliot, George:
_Romola_, 23.
_Adam Bede_, 25.
Empire, defined, 406.
Ems, Benedetti and King of Prussia at, 343-350, 356.
Encyclopedistes, ancestors of the Utilitarians, 252, 402.
European dominion in Asia, importance of, 403.
Farrar, Archdeacon, quoted, 12.
Ferozeshah, 130.
Ferrero on Julius Caesar, 391.
Fiction and fact in the novel and in history, 10, 385.
Fiction, doubt as to its value as evidence of manners, 111.
See also 91 and 110.
Fielding, Henry, 3, 26, 95, 111.
_Tom Jones_, 19.
Influence on Thackeray, 99.
Fitzgerald, Edward, see 'Letter-writing,' 66-70.
Franco-German War, see 'L'Empire Liberal.'
French Revolution, 212, 218.
=Frontiers, Ancient and Modern=, 291-327.
Demarcation of frontiers a modern development, 291.
Interest of the subject to England, 293.
Mr. Baddeley's work on the Caucasus, 294.
Description of the Caucasus, 295.
The Russian advance, 296.
Yermoloff and his policy, 298.
Its failure for the time, and his recall, 301.
Rise of Muridism, 302.
Shamil succeeds Kazi Mullah, 303.
Capture of Akhlongo, 306.
Repulse of Vorontzoff at Dargo; 307.
and at Ghergebil, 310.
Shamil ransoms his son, 312.
Surrenders at Gooneeb (1857), 313.
Effect on Asiatic politics, 315.
Russian policy compared with British in Afghanistan, 316.
Dr. Pennell on the Afghans, 319.
Ghazis, blood feuds, 321.
Dr. Pennell on missions, 326.
Frontiers, not strictly demarcated in the East, 413.
Froude, J. A., quoted, 74.
His methods as a historian, 382.
Gambetta votes for war with Prussia, 359.
Garibaldi, 273.
Gaskell, Mrs., 26.
_Gesta Romanorum_, 2.
_Gil Blas_, 19, 204.
Gladstone, W. E., 229.
Godwin, William:
As recipient of good letters, 46.
His tragedy, _Antonio_, 46.
Carlyle's description, 64.
A peaceful anarchist, 234.
Goethe, 78, 182.
Gordon, Lindsay, 32.
_Grand Cyrus_, 96.
Gray, Thomas, 37, 50.
Greek Church, 433.
Comparison with Rome, 409.
Hemans, Mrs., 265.
Herodotus, 160, 379.
=Heroic Poetry=, 155-176.
Definition, 155.
Professor Ker's _Epic and Romance_, 156.
Early bards and chroniclers, 157.
Their work based on fact, 158, 164.
The hero and the heroic poet, 159.
Icelandic Sagas, and Afghan songs, 163.
Homer, 165.
Position of women in Homeric poetry, 166.
The heroic style in the Old Testament, 167.
Romantic poetry of England, _Morte d Arthur_ and ballads, 169.
Sir Walter Scott, 171.
Limitations of heroic poetry, 172.
Its decline, unfavourable influences of both the romantic and the
realistic spirit, 174.
Hindu, meaning of, 419.
Hinduism, not a missionary religion, 400.
Never established by the State, 447.
Historical romance brought to perfection in nineteenth century, 96.
=History, Remarks on the Reading of=, 377-398.
Almost all real history written in some European language, 377.
History, formerly an art, becoming a science, 379.
Macaulay, Froude, and Carlyle as historical artists, 382.
The scientific method, possible drawbacks, 384.
Limitation and subdivision necessary, 386.
Short abstracts, their use and abuse, 388.
Motives for studying history, 390.
Our knowledge imperfect, and our predictions fallible, 392.
Lord Acton's advice and principles, 394.
Hobbes, Thomas, 243, 273.
Followed by Bentham, 221.
Quoted, 319, 413, 441.
Hogarth, William, 99.
Hookham Frere, 204.
Hugo, Victor, 187, 300.
Swinburne's admiration, 265, 282, 287.
Hume, 215, 216.
Influence on Bentham, 222;
on Mill, 244, 254.
Quoted, 224.
Humphry Ward, Mrs., example of her descriptive method, 27.
Hutcheson, 217.
Iliad, 174.
Impressionist school in fiction, 33.
Inchbald, Mrs., quoted, 46.
India, Mill's history of, 225.
Importance of frontier questions, 293.
Indian Empire:
Resemblance to Roman, 420.
Comparison with Russian, 424.
See also 'Race and Religion,' and 'The State in Relation to Religion.'
Irish characters, Thackeray's partiality for, 109.
Islam:
Its militant policy, 400, 413.
Spread of, 432.
In India, 446.
Importance to Turkey of Sultan's position in, 449.
James, G. P. R., 32.
Jeffrey, Thomas, 186, 199.
Jehu's story, 382.
_John Inglesant_, 18, 106.
Johnson, Samuel, 120.
Jones, Paul, 113.
Jowett, Benjamin, quoted, 55, 57.
Kaffir, origin of the name, 415.
Keats, John, 185, 199.
See also 'Letter-writing.'
Kemble, Fanny, FitzGerald's letters to, 68.
Ker's _Epic and Romance_, 156, 164, 168.
_Kidnapped_, direct narration in, 18.
Kingsley, Charles, 8.
Quoted, 278.
Kipling, Rudyard, 32, 149, 174.
Klugenau, Russian General, 305.
Lamartine, 187.
Lamb, Charles, 47.
Quoted, 48, 56.
Lansdowne, Lord, 228.
Laotze, 438.
Le Boeuf, Marshal, 334, 347, 351, 358.
Lecky, W. E. H., on American Loyalists, 105.
Comparison with Walpole, 376.
=L'Empire Liberal=, 328-367.
Constitutional reforms and character of Napoleon III., 330.
Ollivier's difficult position as chief minister, 331.
Crown of Spain accepted by Leopold, 332.
Effect in France, warning to Prussia, 333-336.
Benedetti's interview at Ems, 337.
Leopold's compulsory renunciation, 338.
Incautious action of Ollivier, 339;
and of Gramont, 341.
Assurances demanded from Prussia, 344.
Ollivier meditates resignation, 345.
Benedetti at Ems, 348.
'Le Soufflet de Bismarck,' 350.
Declaration of war, 352.
Thiers' opposition, Ollivier's defence, 353, 354.
French enthusiasm, 358.
Reception of declaration by Bismarck; 360;
and by the Reichstag, 361.
Bismarck's real responsibility, 362.
Ollivier's acts and motives examined, 365.
=Letter-writing (English) in the Nineteenth Century=, 34-75.
Conditions of fine letter-writing, 34.
Affinities with the diary and the essay, 36.
Poets as good letter-writers, 37.
Value of letters for biographical and other purposes, 38.
Earlier writers--Keats, Scott, Southey, Byron, Coleridge, Wordsworth,
Shelley, Lamb, 39-47.
Lord Morley's canon, 50.
Later writers and their difficulties, 52.
Dean Stanley's letters, 53.
Matthew Arnold's, 57.
Thomas Carlyle's, 63.
Edward Fitzgerald's, 66.
R. L. Stevenson's, 70.
Lever, Charles, 8, 92.
Liverpool, Lord, 66, 229, 230.
Lucretius, 271.
Macaulay, T. B., 61, 206.
On Byron, 184, 191.
His rejoinder to James Mill, 227.