The Elder Eddas of Saemund Sigfusson; and the Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson

that produced the Sound, and thus effected a junction between the Baltic and the Northern Ocean.] [Footnote 126: Rime Giants, or Giants of the Frost.] [Footnote 127: Literally, "It is light and hot, insomuch so that it is flaming and burning, and it is impervious to those who are outlandish (foreign), and not indigenous there" (or who have no home or heritage therein).] [Footnote 128: More properly speaking, to the earth which it encircled.] [Footnote 129: A ferreous or glacial refrigeration.] [Footnote 130: _i.e._ If Thor drove over Bifrost with his thunder chariot.] [Footnote 131: _i.e._ Present, Past, and Future.] [Footnote 132: Namely, his having killed Baldur.] [Footnote 133: Mind or Thought, and Memory.] [Footnote 134: _i.e._ Devouring flame.] [Footnote 135: _i.e._ Spirit or thought.] [Footnote 136: _i.e._ Eld or Old Age.] [Footnote 137: Finn Magnusen's explanation of this myth is, that Iduna--the ever-renovating Spring--being in the possession of Thjassi--the desolating winter--all nature languishes until she is delivered from her captivity. On this being effected, her presence again diffuses joy and gladness, and all things revive; while her pursuer, Winter, with his icy breath, dissolves in the solar rays indicated by the fires lighted on the walls of Asgard.] GLOSSARY. ÆGIR or OEGIR, horror, terror. ÆSIR, sing. AS; God, Gods. ASYNJA, ASYNJOR; Goddess, Goddesses. AI, from a, a river. ALFADIR, or ALFODUR, All-Father, or the Father of All. ALFR, Elf. ALSVIDR, All-scorching. ALTHJOFR, lit. All-thief, an accomplished rascal. ALVISS, All-wise. AMSVARTNIR, grief, black, gloomy, swart. ANDHRIMNIR, soul, spirit, breath: from hrim, congealed vapour, _rime_. ANDLANGR, from aund, spirit, breath; and langr, long. ANDVARI, prob. from aund, spirit; cautious, timid. ANGURBODI, Anguish-boding, announcing or presaging calamity. ARVAKR, awakening early; ar, the dawn, Aurora. ASGARD, prop. ASGARDR, lit. God's-ward, or the abode of the gods. ASKR, an ash-tree. AUDHUMLA, void, vacuity, darkness, tenebrosity. AUDR, rich, wealthy. AURBODA, prop. AURBODA, snow, rain, storm; to announce whence; a messenger; hence an ambassador. AUSTRI, East, Oriental. BALDUR, prop. BALDR or BALLDR, fire, flame, bold. BALEYGR, Bale-eyed, _i.e._ endowed with a clear, piercing vision. BAREY, the Frondiferous-isle; an island. BAULVERKR, Evil-worker; producing evil, calamity. BAUMBURR, prob. cog. with bumbr, belly, cavity. BELI, prob. from belja, to bellow. BERGELMIR, Mountain-old, _i.e._ the old man of the mountain. BIFLINDI, the Inconstant: from bif, motion; and lyndi, disposition, mind. BIFROST, BIF-RAUST, the Tremulous-bridge of the Aerial-bridge, signifying also aerial: a certain space, a mile, a rest. BIL, a moment, an interval, an interstice. BILEYGR, endowed with fulminating eyes, a tempest, especially a fulminating tempest or thunder-storm. BILSKIRNIR, sometimes stormy, and sometimes serene; which, as Thor's mansion prob. denotes the atmosphere, would be a very appropriate term; or storm-stilling, _i.e._ imparting serenity to the tempest. BIVAURR, BIVORR, or BIFUR, the Tremulous. BODN, originally signified an offer-table or altar; an oblation; also one of the jars in which the dwarfs' poetical beverage was kept. BOLTHORN, lit. Calamitous or Evil-thorn. BOR, prop. BORR, and BUR, prop. BURR or BURI, means _born_, to bear; whence also the _Old G._ barn, and the _Scotch, bairn_, a child. BRAGI, the name of the God of Poetry; from braga, to glisten, to shine, or from bragga, to adorn; ph. cog. with _G_. pracht, splendour. BREIDABLIK: lit. Broad-blink--wide-glancing, Expanded splendour, to blink. BRIMIR, prob. from brimi, flame. BRISINGR, may prob. mean flaming. BYLEISTR, a dwelling, a town; to destroy, to break to pieces. BYRGIR, prob. from v. byrgja, to conceal; _E._ to bury, whence barrow, a tumulus. DAINN, prob. the Soporiferous; from da, a swoon, or complete repose. DELLINGR--a _day-ling_. with the dawn, daybreak. DIS, pi. DISIR, it originally sig. a female, but was afterwards used in the sense of Nymph and Goddess. It enters into the composition of several female names, as Thordis, Freydis, Vegdis, &c. DOLGTHRASIR: a dolgr, a warrior; contentious, obstinate, persisting, from the v. thrasa, to litigate, to quarrel. DRAUPNIR, from the v. drupa, to droop, or the v. drjupa, to drip. DROMI, strongly binding. DUNEYRR, a hollow sound, from the v. dynja, to sound, to resound. DURATHROR. The first sylb. may be derived either from dur, a light sleep, or from dyr, a door; and the last, either from the v. threyja, to expect, to wait for; or from throa, to increase, to enlarge. DURINN, prob. from dur, a light sleep, to fall asleep; whence prob. the _E._ to doze, and ph. also dusk. DVALJNN, from dvali, sleep. EIKINSKJALDI, furnished with an oaken shield, scarlet oak. EIKTHYRNIR. Eik is the ilex or scarlet oak; thyrnir, a thorn; metaphorically for a stag's antlers. EINHERJAR, a hero; select, chosen heroes. EIR, to befriend, to tranquilize. ELDHRIMNIR: eldr, elementary flre: brim, congealed vapour, rime, also soot; hence (a kettle) sooty from flre. ELIVAGAR, stormy waves; a storm; the sea; an estuary; water; wave. ELLI, old age. ELVIDNIR, ph. from el, a storm; and vidr, wide. EMBLA. The etymologies of the name of the first woman given by the _E.E._ are merely _conjectural_. Grimm says the word embla, emla, signifies a busy woman, from amr, ambr, amil ambl, assiduous labour; the same relation as Meshia and Meshiane, the ancient Persian names of the first man and woman, who were also formed from trees. FALHOFNIR, a nail, a lamina, hoof. FARMAGUD, the God of Carriers and Sea-farers. FENRIR, FENRIS-ULFR, may mean dweller in an abyss, or the monster wolf. FENSALIR, lit. Fen-saloon, from fen, a fen, but which it would appear may also be made to sig. the watery deep, or the sea; and salr, a hall, mansion, saloon. _See_ Valhalla. FIMBUL. From fimbulfambi comes the _E._ provincialism, to fimble-famble; and the _D._ famle, to stammer, to hesitate in speaking. FIMBULTHUL. Thulr means an orator or reciter, to speechify. FIMBULVETR: vetr, winter; according to Grimm's explanation of fimbul, _the Great Winter_. FJALARR and FJOLNIR. Multiform: in composition fjol, many. FJOLSVIDR or FJOLSVITHR, to scorch: or ph. from svithr, wise, powerful, potent, strong. FJORGYN. Grimm, we think, has satisfactorily shown that fjorg is the _G._ berg, a mountain. FOLKVANGR, lit. the folk's field, or habitation. FORSETI, lit. the Fore-seated, _i.e._ the Judge. FRANANGURS-FORS, prob. from frann, glittering, and ongr, narrow. FREKI, _G._ frech, froward: the word has also the sig. of voracious. FREYR and FREYJA. The name of the deity who was the symbol of the sun--to mean Seminator, the Fructifler, Freyja--the symbolical representation of the moon--means the Seminated, the Fructified; the original sig, is that of glad, joyful, imparting gladness, beautous, lovely. FRIGGA, prop. FRIGG. Grimm has shown that the root of this word is, if not strictly syn., at least very nearly allied with that of the word Freyja, and explains it to mean the Free, the Beauteous, the Winsome. FROSTI, the _E._ frosty. FULLA, abundance; from fullr, full. FUNDINN, found; from v. finna, to find. GANDALFR. Alfr, an elf, prob. sig. a wolf, a serpent. GANGLER, the tired wanderer; to debilitate, to tire. GANGRAD, prop. GANGRADR, indicates a person directing his steps. GARDROFA, Fence-breaker; to break, to break through. GARMR, voracious; to gorge; gourmand. GAUTR, ph. may sig. a keeper, to keep. GEFJON, the earth; also separation, disruption. GEFN, from the v. gefa, to give. GEIROLUL, lit. Spear-alimentrix: from the v. ala, to aliment, to nourish. GEIRRAUDR, lit. spear-red; hence King Spear-rubifler. GEIRVIMUL, a river rushing or vibrating like a spear or javelin. GELGJA, from galgi, a gallows. GERDA, prop. GERDUR, to gird. Both gerd and gard are common terminations of female names, as Hildigard, Irminigard, Thorgerda, &c. GERI. Geri may be derived from gerr, covetous, greedy. GIMLI, had the same sig. as himill, heaven, the original sig. of which may have been fire, but afterwards a gem, as in the _N._ word gimsteinn; whence also our colloquial words, gim, gimmy (neat), and gimcrack. GINNARR, Seducer; from v. ginna, to seduce. GINNUNGA-GAP may be rendered the gap of gaps; a gaping abyss. GJALLAR (horn); from the v. gjalla, to resound, to clang; to yell. GJOIX, prob. from gjallr, sonorous, fulgid. GLADR, glad; from v. gledja, to gladden. GLADSHEIMR: lit. Glad's-home; the abode of gladness or bliss. GLÆR, from glær, clear, pellucid; cog. with _E._ glare. GLEIPNIR, the Devouring; from the v. gleipa, to devour. GLITNIR, the Glittering; from the v. glitra; to glitter, and to glisten. GLOINN, the Glowing; from v. gloa, to glow. GOD. The _Old N._ lang. has two words for God, viz. God and Gud; and it would appear that the n. god was used for an idol, and the m. gud. for a God. Both words are, however, frequently applied to denote a celestial deity. The Scandinavian Pontiff-chieftains were called Godar (in the sing. Godi). GOMUL, prob. from gamall, old. GRABAKR, Gray-back. GRAFJOLLUDR, Gray-skin; the skin of an animal. GRAFVITNIR, from the v. grafa, to dig, to delve; cog. with _E._ grave: and the v. vita, to know; _to_ wit, wist, wot. GRIMAR, and GRIMNIR, a helmet, or any kind of a covering; used poetically for night, the sun being then veiled or covered. GULLINBURSTI, Golden-bristles. GULLTOPPR, Golden-mane; crest, the top of anything, hence mane. GUNNTHRA. The first sylb. of this word is from gunnr, war, a combat; to increase, to enlarge; thra sig. grief, calamity; and thro, a cavity, a fosse. From gunnr is derived the _N._ gunn-fani, a war-banner. GYLLIR, from gull, gold. HABROK. The E.E. render this word by _Altipes_, from bar, high; and brok, lit. breeches, brogues, but which they assume may also sig. a bird's leg. HALLINSKITHI, to decline; hence it would be an appropriate term for the post-meridian sun. HAMSKEKPIR, prob. from hams, hide; and the v. skerpa, to sharpen, also to dry, to indurate. HAPTAGUD, ph. from haupt, a nexus, a tie, a band. HAR, prop. HARR, may mean either _high_ or _hairy_. As a designation of Odin it has undoubtedly the former signification. As the name of a dwarf, the latter sig. would be more appropriate. HARBARDR, Hairy-beard. HEIDRUN, serene, etherial; a heath. HEIMDALLR: heimr, home, the world. HELA, prop. HEL., gen. HELJAR, the Goddess of the Infernal Regions, used instead of Helheimr for those regions themselves. HELBLINDI: hel, see the preceding word; blindi, from blundr, slumber. HEPTI, prob. means impeding, constraining; to seize, to take by force, to adhere to. HERFJOTUR, lit. Host's-fetter, _i.e._ having the power to impede or constrain an army at will: her, an army, a host, a multitude. HERJANN, the leader of an army; from her. HERMOD, prop. HERMODR: her from her, courage, (_see_ Modgudur). HERTEITR, gay amongst warriors, a jovial soldier; glad, joyful. HILDUR (Hilda), war, a combat. Hence we find it in a number of Teutonic prop, names both m. and f., as Hilderic, Childeric, Hildegrim (the Helm of War), Brynhildr (Brunhilda), Clothild (Clothilda), &c. HIMINBJORG, the Heavenly-Mountains, the Comprehending, the All-embracing. HIMINBRJOTR, Heaven-breaking: from the v. brjota, to break. HJALMBERI, Helmet-bearing. HJUKI, to keep warm, to nourish, to cherish. HLIDSKJALF, a slope, a declivity; also to waver, to tremble.