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The Epic of Gilgamish

Stephen Langdon

E-kur, temple, 180, 12; 183, 23; 190, 7; 146, 9; 147, 17; 158, 8; 160, 4; 166, 17; 169, 23. Emah, Esmah, ritual house of the water cult of Marduk, 163, 7; 115, 4. E-malga-sud, temple, 181, 24; 141, 3. E-meteg, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. E-mete-ursag, temple in Kish, 166, 13. E-namtila, temple, 160, 4; 169, 24. _en-a-nu-un_, _en-a-nun_, title of Innini and Gula, 173, 2. Enbilulu, title of Marduk, 170, 5. E-ninnu, temple, 181, 22. _EN-HUL-tim-mu_, 194 n. 2. _EN-KA-KA, bel dababi_, 194, 2. Enki, god. Hymn to, No. 20, 113, 7; 114, 10; 116, 21; 122, 7; 149, 16. Enkidu, satyr, 213, 3:7:10:11; 214, 6; 215, 11:12:15:34; 216, 13; 219, 8:15:25; 131, 11; 134, 16; 178, 13. Enlil, god. Liturgy to, 155-184. Regarded as god of light, 157, 1 ff. 158, 3 f. Other references, 114, 19; 115, 2; 116, 19; 131, 6; 136, 5; 139, 40; 149, 22; 146, 3:7:14; 189, 11:19; 220, 33. Enul, god, 149, 16. Enzu, god, 139, 41; 146, 3. _epsanu_, deeds, 218, 18. _epu_, be dark, I2 _itepu_, 196, 29. Erech, city, 125; 149, 13. Erech _ribitim_, 212, 28; 213, 15; 217, 19:21; 217, 3:6. eri-azag, holy city, Isin, 141, 8. _erida_, title, 175, 1. Eridu, city, 113, 20; 136, 13. Erishkigal, goddess, 131, 10; 134, 11. _ersagtugmal_, penitential psalm, 118. E-sagila, temple, 152. E-sakudkalamma, temple, 166, 10; 169 n. 4. _esendili_, a title, 177, 10. _eskar_, fixed tax, 188, 9. _es-lal_, a sacred place, 161, 14. E-temen-anki, temple, 169, 25. E-turkalamma, temple, 166, 14. Euphrates, river, 183, 12; 183, 20. E-zida, temple, 166, 12. Ezina, grain goddess, 174, 9. Ezira, reading of the divine name _KA-DI_, 177, 11. F. Fara, modern Arabic name for the site of Isin (?), 177 n. 4. G. _GAB_, baked bread, 200, 33. _GAB-LAL_, a cake made with honey, 195, 22; 200, 35. _GAR-sunnu = episan-sunu_, 198, 13. _gasan-gula_, title of Nina, 119 n. 2. _gepar_, dark chamber, 123, 30 f., 148, 10; 161, 18. Gibil, god, 197, 3. _gi-gal(gis)_,interlude, 151 n. 1; 182, 33. _gigunna_, 114, 23. Gilgamish, king of Erech, 207; 211, 1:115 f. 212, 17:37; 213, 2; 217, 21; 218, 9:20:24:29 and below 2; 219, 10;15:20:26. Derivation of name, 208. See also No. 16 Rev. II 15; 197, 42; 124 f. _gilsa_, a sacred relic, 132, 22. Girra, _Irra_, god, 174, 7; 177, 12. _girru_, lion, 215, 29. Girsu, city, 181, 23. Guanna, deity, No. 16 Rev. II 18. Guedin, province, 129, 28. Gunura, goddess of healing, 176, 6. _gupru_, mighty, 214, 33. Gutium, land, 120 ff. H. Hallab, city, 125; 141. _hanabu_, grow thickly, Prs. _ibannib_, 219, 4. _hapapu_, embrace, 212, 34. _hassinu_, axe, 212, 29:31. _harbatu_, waste place, 200, 39. Harsagkalamma, temple, 166, 14. Hubur, mythical river, 197, 42. _hulu_, a bird, 199, 31. _huku_, a bird, 199, 31. I. Ibi-Sin, king of Ur, 151 n. 2. _ibsi_, liturgical expression, 120, 5. Igigi, heaven spirits, 116 n. 6. _IGI-NAGIN-NA_, 194, 11. _imib_, weapon, 131, 8. _mi-ib_, ibid. n.3. _imin_, seven. Seven lands, 130, 35; seventh day, 134, 18. Immer, god, 177, 8. Indag, god, consort of Gula, 173, 3. Innini, goddess, 123. Liturgy to, 184; 123, 29. Consort of Shamash, 148, 4. Other references, 154, 21. _issur same_, unclean birds, 195 n. 10. Ishara, goddess, 218, 22. Isin, city, 122, 15; 176, 4. Ishme-Dagan, 178 ff. Son of Enlil, 181, 29; 182, 32. Liturgy to, 143. K. _KA-DIB-BI, sibit pi_, 194, 10. _KAK-DIG_, a weapon, 130, 4. _kakkitu_ (?), weapon. Pl. _kakkiatum_, 218, 16. _KAK-SIR_, a weapon (?), 130, 4. _kalama_, the Land, Sumer, 138, 25; 141, 5; 147, 22; 150, 4; 154, 17; 177, 9. _kanami_=_kalama_, land, 120, 8. KA-NE, a new ideograph, 153 n. 10. _kasu_, bind. I2 _liktisu_, 198, 20. Kenurra, chapel of Ninlil, 114, 22; 123, 20; 160, 4; 166, 18; 166, 8; 169, 24. Kes, city, 115, 11; 123, 22. _kesda-azag_, a relic, 132, 27. _ki_, _kin_ for _gim_ = _kima_, 120, 6. KI-AG-MAL, _ramu_, 194 n. 4. Kidurkazal, daughter of Ninkasi, 145. _ki-malla_, to bend. _tig-zu ki-ma-al-la nu-gi-gi_, "Thy neck wearies not in bending," 168, 2. [Correct the translation.] _ki-in-gin, ki-en-gin_, Sumer, 115, 24; 134, 19; 189, 17. _KI-SAR, kakkara tasabbit_, 199, 29. Kish, city, 129, 30; 166, 12. _e kis-(ki)-su_, so read, No. 5 Obv. 8. Kullab, city, 149, 14; 173, 1. _kunin, gunin_, reed basket, 150 n. 3. _kurgal_, "great mountain," title of Sumer, 114, 11. Of Enlil, 114, 19; 182, 5. _KURUN-NA_, (_amelu_), 196, 34. _KUS-KU-MAL_, 194, 11. L. _la'atu_, gore. Prt. _iludu_, 219, 12:17. _labu_, panther, 215, 29:32. Lagash, city, 181, 23:26. _Lahama_, goddess of Chaos, 113, 5. Laws, promulgated by Dungi, 138, 31. Libit-Ishtar, king, 141. _libsu_, garment, 214, 27:29; 215, 26. Ligirsig, a god, 113, 3. _lilazag_, epithet of a deified king, 141, 1. Lillaenna, goddess, 192, 5. _limenu_, be evil. II1 _ulammenu-inni_, 197, 7. Lugal-dig, god, 197, 5. _lu'utu_, pollution, 195, 19. M. Magan, land, 112, 2:5. _maialu_, couch, 218, 22. _malasu_, shear, 195, 20. Mamit, 200, 41. _mandatu_, form, 195, 21. _mal-gar_ (_gi_), a musical instrument, 191, 10. _mangu_, disease, 195, 19. Marduk, god, 151. _markasu_, leader, 150. _masu_, seize, 195 n. 5. _masu_, to forget, 216, 7. Me-azag, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. _mehru_, fellow, 218, 21. Mehus, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. Meluhha, land, 112, 6. Meslam, temple in Cutha, 167, 15. _mesu_, a tree, 159, 23. _muk_, now, but now, 217, 26. Mulgenna, Saturn, 137, 18. Mulmul, gods, 142. N. _nadu_, water bottle, 198, 17. _naditu_, temple devotee, 188, 7. _nagu_, shout. Prs. _inangu_, 215, 19. _naku_, embrace, 218, 26. _namastu_, cattle, etc., 213, 12:17; 214, 1; 219, 14. Namtar, god, 197, 3; 132, 24. Nangt, goddess, 192, 7. Nannar, god, 115, 12; 116, 23; 133, 38; 137, 11; 150, 2. Nergal, god, 131, 6. Nidaba, goddess, 191. _ni-gal_, cattle, 121, 6. _nimir = ligir_, 174, 4. _ninda_, linear measure, 133, 41. Ningal, goddess, No. 19, 5; 148, 3; 151, 3. Ningiszida, god, 133, 34. Nin-isinna, goddess, 122, 16; 191, 15. Ninkasi, goddess, 144. Ninki, goddess, 149, 16. Ninlil, goddess, 116, 20; 123, 20; 137, 12; 146, 14. Ninmada, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. Ninmah, goddess, 116, 22. Ninmenna, epithet of Damgalnunna, 190, 27. Ninsun, goddess, 219, 30; 208 n. 6; 129; 131, 16 (?). Nintudri, goddess, 123, 26. Nintudra, 137, 16. Creatress of man and woman, 192. Ninul, goddess, 149, 16. Ninurasa, god, 191, 12; 146, 12. Ninzuanna, goddess, 122, 13. Nippur, city, 112, 8; 122, 18:19; 160, 3; 169, 21; 180, 11; 149, 18; 158, 7; 165, 16. _NI-SUR_ (_amelu_), 196, 35. Nudimmud, god, 199, 25. No. 20, 10. _nugiganna_, epithet of Innini, 185, 2. _nun apsi_, unclean fish, 195 n. 11. Nunamnirri, god, 190, 28; 146, 13; 180, 10:13:17. _nun-ur_, epithet of Amurru, 119, 3. Nusiligga, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. Nusku, god, 146, 7; 163, 13. P. Pabilsag, god. Son and consort of Gula, 173 n. 3; 176, 5. A form of Tammuz. _pananumma_, formerly, 217, 25. Panunnaki, goddess, consort of Marduk, 163, 9. _pataku_, fashion, break, 214, 4. _paturru_, a weapon, 200, 37. Pleiades, 142. R. _ratatu_, demolish, 219, 19. Rimat ilatNinsun, 208 n. 6; 219, 29. Ruskisag, goddess, 132, 28. _RU-TIG_, an epithet, 141, 2. S. _sa-bar; sa-sud-da_, liturgical note, 182, 31. _sabsis_, cruelly, 215, 30. Sagilla, temple, 158, 15. E-sagila, 160, 5; 166, 5; 166, 11. _sahatu_, be astounded, 216, 10. Arabic _sahita_. _saiahatu_, desire, comfort, 216, 18. _sakapu_, fell. I2 _issakpu_, 215, 30. _salutu_, enmity, 199, 27. Samas, god, 197, 4:8; 198, 10:13; 199, 25:31. Samas-sum-ukin, king. Incantations for, 193-200; 199, 23. Samsuiluna, king, 151. _SAR-DI-DA_, a relic, 133, 37. Serpent adversary, 183, 21; 148, 12. Seven, sacred number. Seven gods, 196, 30. Ship, in legend, 113, 2. Silsirsir, a chapel. Sin, god. Hymn to, No. 19. _sippu_, threshold, 219, 13:18. _Sippar_, city, 158, 10; 160, 5; 166, 19. _sirgidda_, long song, 140, 54. Siris, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. Siriskas, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. Siriskasgig, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. _sirsagga_, first melody, 117, 28; 139, 48. _SU-AN = kat ili_, 194, 12. See also _SU-d_INNINI, 194, 12. _SU-NAM-ERIM-MA_, 194, 13. _SU-NAM-LU-GAL-LU_, 194, 13. _subura_, earth, 175, 3. _su-ud, su-ud-am_, epithet of goddess of Suruppak, 177, 10 and note 4. _suhuru_, hair (?), 215, 23. _sukkal-zid_, title of Nebo, 163, 10. Sulpae, god, No. 16 II 22. Sumer, land, 113, 21; 114, 11; 136, 2. _sumugan_, title of Girra, 177, 12 and note; 179, 3. T. Tablet of fates, 132 n. 3. Tammuz, ancient ruler, 208. Liturgy to, 191. Other references, 126; 208; 131, 20. _tapasu_, seize, capture, II2 _uttappis_, 215, 31. _temeru_, cook, 196, 35. Tigris, river, 183, 12. Tummal, land, 190, 9; 191, 10. U. _ud_, spirit, word, 150, 1:4; 158, 16; 159, 17:24. _ul-al-tar_, 191 n. 6. _ulinnu_, girdle cord, 195, 20. Ulmas, temple of Anunit, 158, 13; 166, 3. Ur, city, 134, 21; 137, 6. Lamentation for, 150. Other references, No. 19, 4:7:8:16:28: Rev. 5; 151, 3. Ur-azag, king of Isin (?), 140 n. 2. Ur-Engur, king of Ur, 126 ff. _urinu_, spear (?), 173, 3. _ursaggal_, epithet for Ninurasa, 165, 11. For Enbilulu, 170, 5. _usumgal_, 117, 33. Z. _zabu_, flow. _li-zu-bu_, 198, 16. Cf. _gam = za'ibu, mitirtu_, words for canal, SAI. 691-3. _zag-sal_, liturgical note, 103 f. No. 21 end. _za-am_, 138, 34; 139, 38; 140, 56. _zenu_, be enraged, II1 _uzinu-inni_, 197, 6. _ZI-TAR-RU-DA = nikis napisti_, 194 n. 6. DESCRIPTION OF TABLETS Number in this volume. 1 Museum number. 7771 Description. Dark brown unbaked tablet. Three columns. Lower edge slightly broken. Knobs at left upper and left lower corners to facilitate the holding of the tablet. H. 7 inches: W. 6 1/2; T. 1 1/2. Second tablet of the Epic of Gilgamish. NOTES [1] Ni. 13981, published by Dr. Poebel in PBS. V, No. 2. [2] The local Bel of Erech and a bye-form of Enlil, the earth god. Here he is the consort of the mother goddess Ninsun. [3] Tammuz is probably a real personage, although _Dumu-zi_, his original name, is certainly later than the title _Ab-u_, probably the oldest epithet of this deity, see _Tammuz and Ishtar_, p. 8. _Dumu-zi_ I take to have been originally the name of a prehistoric ruler of Erech, identified with the primitive deity Abu. [4] See _ibid._, page 40. [5] Also Meissner's early Babylonian duplicate of Book X has invariably the same writing, see Dhorme, _Choix de Textes Religieux_, 298-303. [6] Sign whose gunufied form is read _aga_. [7] The standard text of the Assyrian version is by Professor Paul Haupt, _Das Babylonische Nimrodepos_, Leipzig, 1884. [8] The name of the mother of Gilgamish has been erroneously read _ri-mat ilat_Nin-lil, or _Rimat-Belit_, see Dhorme 202, 37; 204, 30, etc. But Dr. Poebel, who also copied this text, has shown that _Nin-lil_ is an erroneous reading for _Nin-sun_. For _Ninsun_ as mother of Gilgamish see SBP. 153 n. 19 and R.A., IX 113 III 2. _Ri-mat ilat_Nin-sun should be rendered "The wild cow Ninsun." [9] The fragments which have been assigned to Book II in the British Museum collections by Haupt, Jensen, Dhorme and others belong to later tablets, probably III or IV. [10] Rm. 289, latter part of Col. II (part of the Assyrian version) published in HAUPT, _ibid._, 81-4 preserves a defective text of this part of the epic. This tablet has been erroneously assigned to Book