The hero of the Filipinos The story of José Rizal, poet, patriot and martyr
a distance are covered with snow. The banks of Salt Lake are more
beautiful than other things we saw. The mules are very big. There are
mountains in the middle of the lake like the islands of Talim in Laguna
de Bay. We saw three Mormon boys at Farmington. There were sheep, cows
and horses in the meadows. This region not thickly populated. A flock
of ducks in the lake. There were beautiful houses with trees, straight
streets, flowers, low houses. Children greeted us at Salt Lake City. In
Utah the women serve at the table. It is known that dinner will be
cheap (?). We changed train at Ogden, and we will not have any change
until Denver. In Provo I ate much for 75 cents. We are passing between
two mountains through a narrow channel.
Wed. May 9. We are passing through the mountains of rocks along a
river; the river is noisy and its noise gives life to the lifeless
scenery. We woke up at Colorado the 4th state we crossed over. At 10/30
we climb up a certain height, and this is why snow is seen along the
way. There were many pines. The snow on the mountain top is white and
shiny. We passed through tunnels made of wood, to protect the road
against snow. Icicles in these tunnels are very bright which gives
majestic effect.—The Porter of the Pullman Car, an American, is a sort
of thief.—Colorado has more trees than the three states we passed over.
There are many horses.
Thursday, May 10. We woke up at Nebraska. The country is a plain. We
reached Omaha, a big city at 4 P.M., the biggest since we left San
Francisco. The Missouri river is twice as wide as the Pasig river in
its wide part. It is marshy. Islands are formed in the middle of the
river; its banks are not beautiful. This region has many horses and
cattle. The train passed over the Missouri bridge for 2 and 1/2
minutes; the train goes slowly. We are now in Illinois.
Friday, May 11. We wake up near Chicago. The country is cultivated. It
shows our nearness to Chicago. We left Chicago at 8:1/4 Friday night.
What I observed in Chicago is that every cigar store has an Indian
figure, and always different. (27–75 Washington Street. Boston. Miss C.
G. Smith.)
Saturday, May 12. A good Wagner Car—we are proceeding in a fine day.
The country is beautiful and well populated. We shall arrive at the
English territory in the afternoon, and we shall soon see Niagara
Falls. We stop for some time to see the points that are beautiful; we
went at the side below the Falls; I was between two rocks and this is
the greatest cascade I ever saw. It is not so beautiful nor so fine as
the falls at Los Baños; but much bigger, more imposing and could not be
compared with it. The cascade has various falls, various parts. We left
the place at night. There is a mysterious sound and persistent echo.
Sunday, May 13. We wake up near Albany. This is a big city. The Hudson
river which runs along carries many boats. We crossed over a bridge.
The landscape is beautiful; and it is not inferior to the best in
Europe. We are going along the banks of the Hudson. They are very
beautiful, although a little more solitary than those of the Pasig.
There were ships, boats, trees, hills; and the major part is
cultivated. The Hudson is wide. Beautiful ships. Sliced granite rocks
were paved along the railroads. Some points widely extended. There were
beautiful houses between trees. Day fine. Our grand transcontinental
trip ended on Sunday, May 13. at 11:10 A.M. We passed through various
arches in tunnels:—The Art Age, 75 W. 23 Street.
We left New York on May 16, 1888. There were many people at the dock.
The first and second class entrances are separated. At 9 o’clock sharp
the bell rang to warn the visitors away. At 9 1/30, the pier was full
of people. White handkerchiefs were waved; ribbons and flowers of
different colors are seen here and there.
May 24—Arrived in Liverpool.
A RIZAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. “El Embarque: Himno á la Flota de Magellanes.” (The Departure: Hymn
to Magellan’s Fleet.)
This poem seems to have been dated December 5, 1875, but according to
Rizal’s friends, Vicente Elio and Mariano Ponce, it was written in
1874. It was first published in “La Patria,” Manila, December 30, 1899.
2. “Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primero en Dar la Vuelta al Mundo.” (And
He Is Spanish: Elcano, the First to Go Around the World.)
A poem in couplets. Dated December 5, 1875.
3. “El Combate: Urbistondo, Terror de Jolo.” (The Battle: Urbistondo,
the Terror of Jolo.)
A romance, dated December 5, 1875.
4. “Un Diálogo Alusivo á la Despedida de los Colegiales.” (A Dialogue
Embodying His Farewell to the Collegians.)
Rizal mentions this poem as having been delivered toward the end of his
course at the Ateneo, which would mean March, 1876.
5. “Al Niño Jesús.” (To the Child Jesus.)
A poem dated Manila, November 14, but the year is not given. Supposed
to have been written in 1876.
6. “Un Recuerdo á Mi Pueblo.” (A Remembrance to My Town.)
Poem offered by the author at one of the sessions of the Academy of
Literature of the Ateneo. First published in “La Patria,” December 30,
1899. Written about 1876.
7. “Alianza Intima entre la Religión y la Buena Educación.” (Intimate
Bond between Religion and Good Education.)
Dated April 1, 1876.
8. “Por la Educación Recibe Lustre la Patria.” (Through Education the
Country Receives Light.)
Poem written about April 1, 1876. First published in “El Renacimiento,”
January 2, 1906.
9. “El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y Prisión de
Boabdil.” (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the
Imprisonment of Boabdil.)
Poem dated Manila, December 3, 1876.
10. “La Conquista de Granada: Abre la Ciudad sus Puertas á los
Vencedores.” (The Conquest of Granada: Let the City Open Its Gates to
the Conquerors.)
Legend in verse; dated December 3, 1876.
11. “En Año de 1876 á 1877.”
Written by Rizal between 1876 and 1877. A sketch of the history of
Spanish literature.
12. “Cuaderno de Varias Preguntas Escritas por J. R. Mercado.”
(Copy-book of various questions written by J. R. Mercado.)
Notes on history.
13. “Colón y Juan II.” (Columbus and John II.)
Lyric poem composed at the Ateneo.
14. “El Heróismo de Colón.” (The Heroism of Columbus.)
Epic canto, dated December 8, 1877.
15. “Leyenda, Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha.” (Reading, the Great
Consolation in the Worst Misfortune.)
Poem written at the Ateneo, probably 1877.
16. “A la Juventud Filipina.” (To the Philippine Youth.)
The ode that contains the oblation, “My Fatherland.” First published in
the “Revista del Liceo de Manila, 1879.”
16 b. “A la Juventud Filipina.” (To the Philippine Youth.)
Translation of the foregoing into Tagalog verse by Honorio Lopez, in
the booklet “Ang Buhay ni Dr. José Rizal,” of which Lopez was the
author.
17. “Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma.” (Abd-el-Azis and Mohammed.)
Historical romance, read at the Ateneo by Manuel Fernández y Maniung,
December 8, 1879, at the meeting in honor of the Ateneo’s patron saint.
18. “A Filipinas.” (To the Philippines.)
A sonnet dated February, 1880, and written in the album of the Society
of Sculptors, now extinct. First published in the “Independencia,”
December 29, 1898.
19. “El Consejo de los Dioses.” (The Council of the Gods.)
An allegory written in praise of Cervantes and for the celebration of
his anniversary. First published in the “Revista del Liceo,” 1880.
19 b. “El Consejo de los Dioses.”
The foregoing translated into Tagalog by Pascual H. Poblete, 1905.
20. “Junto al Pasig.” (Beside the Pasig.)
Melodrama in verse. First published in “La Patria,” December 30, 1902.
20 b. “Junto al Pasig.”
Part of the first scene of the foregoing as sung by students in a
religious procession, November 27, 1904. The music was composed by Blas
de Echegoyen.
20 c. “Sa Virgen ng Antipolo.”
Translation into Tagalog verse of the children’s chorus in “Junta al
Pasig,” by Honorio Lopez.
21. “Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon, Rector del Ateneo, en sus Dias.” (To his
Reverence Pablo Ramon, Rector of the Ateneo.)
An ode dated January 25, 1881.
22. “A la Virgen Maria.” (To the Virgin Mary.)
A sonnet first published by “La Alborada,” Manila, December 30, 1901.
23. “Memorias Intimas.” (Intimate Memories.)
Impressions since leaving Calamba, May 1, 1882, and until May 3, 1883.
24. “El Amor Patrio.” (Love for the Fatherland.)
Article published under the pseudonym “Laong Laan” in the “Diariong
Tagalog,” Manila, August 20, 1882—the first article he wrote in Europe.
24 a. “Ang Pag Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.”
Tagalog translation of the foregoing and printed at the same time.
25. “Los Viajes.” (The Voyages.)
Article in “Diariong Tagalog,” 1882.
25 b. “Ang Pangingibang Lupa.”
Tagalog translation of the foregoing and printed at the same time.
26. “Me Piden Versos!” (You Ask Me for Verses.)
Poem, for which see Appendix. Dated Madrid, Oct 7, 1882. First printed
in “La Solidaridad.”
26 b. “Pinatutula Ako!”
Tagalog translation of foregoing.
27. “Las Dudas.” (Doubts.)
Article published under the pseudonym “Laong Laan” in Madrid, November
7, 1882.
28. “Revista de Madrid.” (Review of Madrid.)
An article dated Madrid, November 29, 1882, written under the name
“Laong Laan” for the “Diariong Tagalog” and returned because that
journal had ceased to exist.
29. “P. Jacinto: Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila.” (P. Jacinto:
Memories of a Student of Manila.)
Refers to himself. Written after his arrival in Madrid, 1882.
30. “La Instrucción.” (Instruction.)
Probably written after his arrival in Madrid in 1882.
31. “Apuntes de Obstetricia.” (Notes on Obstetrics.)
Found in a copy-book.
32. “Apuntes clínicos.” (Clinical Notes.)
Madrid, not dated.
33. “Lecciones de Clínica Médica.” (Lessons in Medical Clinical
Procedure.)
Madrid, October 4, 1883, to May 29, 1884.
34. “Filipinas Desgraciada.” (The Unfortunate Philippines.)
Article describing the calamities of 1880–82. Written in Madrid.
35. “Discurso-Brindis.” (Reply to a Toast.)
Speech at the Café de Madrid night of December 31, 1883.
36. A historical novel, unfinished.
Five chapters. He began to write it in Madrid while a student there. It
has no title.
37. “A la Señorita C. O. y R.” (To Miss Consuelo Ortiga y Rey.)
Poem written in Madrid, August 22, 1883, first published in “El
Renacimiento,” December 29, 1904.
38. “Sobre el Teatro Tagalo.” (On the Tagalog Theater.)
Written May 6, 1884, refuting an attack made by Manuel Lorenzo d’ Ayot.
Published in Madrid.
39. “Discurso-Brindis.” (Reply to a Toast.)
Speech made in Madrid, June 25, 1884, which received great newspaper
notoriety.
40. “Costumbres Filipinas: un Recuerdo.” (Philippine Customs: a
Memory.)
An incomplete article, written in Madrid, 1884 or 1885.
41. “La Fête de Saint Isidro.”
Not dated. Written in French.
42. “Notes on Field Fortifications.”
Written in English about 1885. Found in a clinic note-book.
43. “Llanto y Risas.”
An uncompleted article, written in Madrid between 1884 and 1886.
44. “Memorias de un Gallo.” (Memories of a cock.)
Incomplete. Mutilated.
45. “Apuntes de Literatura Española, de Hebreo, y de Arabe.” (Notes on
Spanish, Hebrew, and Arabian Literature.)
Not dated. Notes in a copy-book.
46. “Semblanzas de Algunos Filipinos Compañeros en Europa.”
Closely Noted Observations on Certain Filipinos Then Residing in
Europe.
47. “Estado de Religiosidad de los Pueblos en Filipinas.” (Religious
State of the Towns in the Philippines.)
Unpublished.
48. “Pensamiento de un Filipino.” (Thoughts of a Filipino.)
An unpublished article, date unknown.
49. “Un Librepensador.” (A Free-Thinker.)
An unpublished article. Probably written in Madrid.