The hero of the Filipinos The story of José Rizal, poet, patriot and martyr

116. “La Exportación del Azucar Filipino.” (Exportation of Philippine Sugar.) An article printed in Hong-Kong about 1892. 117. “Estatutos y Reglamentos de la Liga Filipina.” (Statutes and Rules of the Philippine League.) Written in Hong-Kong, 1892. 118. “Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol.” (A Visit to Victoria Jail.) Written in Hong-Kong in March, 1892, describing his visit to the city jail. 119. “Colonisation du British North Borneo, par des Families des Iles Philippines.” (Colonization of British North Borneo by families from the Philippine Islands.) He also did this work in Spanish. 119 b. “Proyecto de Colonización del British North Borneo por Filipinos.” An elaboration of the same idea. No date, but it is known that he wrote this at about the time of his trip to Borneo in April, 1892. 120. “La Mano Roja.” (The Red Hand.) Sheet printed in Hong-Kong, June, 1892, calling attention to the number of fires started intentionally in Manila. 120 b. “Ang Mapulang Kamay.” Translation of above, published in 1894. 121. “A los Filipinos! (Testamento público.)” (To the Filipinos.) Dated at Hong-Kong, June 20, 1892. Published in various newspapers of the country. The address to his countrymen to be made public in case of his death. 122. “Notas de Sucesos desde su Desembarco en Manila, Procedente de Hong-Kong, hasta su Deportación y Llegada a Dapitan. 1892.” (Notes of Events from his Landing in Manila Arriving from Hong-Kong up to his Deportation and Arrival at Dapitan, 1892.) 123. “Cartas Filosofico-Religiosas de Controversia con el P. Pablo Pastells, S. J.” (Letters of His Philosophical-Religious Controversy with P. Pablo Pastells, S. J.) 124. “Etnografia de la Isla de Mindanao.” (Ethnography of the Island of Mindanao.) Translated from the German of F. Blumentritt. 125. “Ampliación a Mi Mapa.” (Enlargement of My Map.) Map of the Island of Mindanao, translated into Spanish by Rizal and dedicated to F. Blumentritt. 126. “Estudios sobre la Lengua Tagala.” (Studies on the Tagalog Tongue.) Written in Dapitan in 1893 and first published in “La Patria” of Manila in 1899. 126 b. “Manga Pag-Aaral sa Wikang Tagalog na Sinulat ni Dr. José Rizal.” Tagalog translation of the foregoing by Honorio Lopez. 127. “Canto del Viajero.” (Song of the Traveler.) Poem written in Dapitan. First published in 1903. 128. “Dapitan.” Introduction to a work which was never followed up. 129. “Avesta: Vendidad.” An uncompleted Spanish translation. 130. “Fragmentos de una Novela Inédita y sin Concluir.” (Fragments of an Incomplete and Unpublished Novel.) Written in Dapitan. Fragments of a novel. 131. “Makamisa.” Verses beginning a novel in Tagalog. Never completed. 132. “Sociedad de Agricultores Dapitanos.” (Society of Dapitan Farmers.) Statutes and by-laws, Dapitan, 1895. 133. “Mi Retiro: A Mi Madre.” (My Retirement: To My Mother.) Poem written in Dapitan, 1895. First published in “República Filipina” in 1898. 133 b. “Ang Ligpit Kong Pamumuhay: Sa Aking Ina.” Tagalog translation of the above by Honorio Lopez. 134. “Himno a Talisay.” (Hymn to Talisay.) Composed in Dapitan, October 13, 1895. 135. “La Curación de los Hechizados.” (The Cure for the Bewitched.) An article believed to be unpublished. 136. “Comparative Tagalog Grammar.” Written in English. Incomplete. 137. “Datos para Mi Defensa.” (Points for My Defense.) Written in Santiago Prison, December 12, 1896. 138. “Manifiesto—a Algunos Filipinos.” (Manifesto—To Certain Filipinos.) Manila, Santiago Prison, December 15, 1896. This was published by many newspapers in the country. 139. “Adiciones a Mi Defensa.” (Additions to My Defense.) Manila, December 26, 1896. 140. “Ultimo pensamiento.” (Last Thoughts.) The poem written in the chapel, a few nights before his death. The original manuscript was unsigned and written on ordinary ruled paper. Alcohol stains (from the lamp) can still be seen on the original where it blurred the ink. The above title was given to the poem by Mr. Ponce. Under the title “Ultimo Adiós” (My Last Farewell) it was published in “La Independencia,” September 25, 1898. It has been translated into many languages, including the island dialects, French, English, German, Chinese, and Japanese. 141. “French Composition Exercises,” by José Rizal, B. A., Ph. M., L. C. M. (Madrid), Postgraduate student in Paris, Leipzig, Heidelberg, Berlin and London. Manila, 1912. Philippine Education Company. 142. “The Indolence of the Filipino,” by José Rizal, translated by Charles Derbyshire, edited by Austin Craig, Manila, 1913. 143. “Rizal’s Own Story of His Life.” National Book Company, 1918. Contains also “Rizal’s First Reading Lesson,” “Rizal’s Childhood Impressions,” “The Spanish Schools of Rizal’s Boyhood,” “The Turkey That Caused the Calamba Land Trouble,” “Mariang Makiling,” and other short pieces. 144. “Manila en 1872.” An article by Rizal discovered after his death and published in the Manila “Citizen,” January 9, 1919. 145. “Cartas á un Jesuita.” Another posthumous article, published in the Manila “Citizen,” February 7, 1919. The following books and articles relating to Rizal may also be noted: “The Story of Rizal,” Hugh Clifford, “Blackwood’s,” November, 1902. “Rizal’s Views on Race Differences,” “Popular Science Monthly,” July, 1902. “The Future of the Philippines,” M. F. Steele, “The Nation,” March 27, 1902. “A Filipino That Died for His Country,” “Literary Digest,” July 26, 1919. “Rizal’s Picture of the Philippines under Spain,” “Review of Reviews,” May, 1913. “The Martyred Novelist of the Philippines,” “Current Opinion,” April, 1913. “The Malay Novelist,” “The Nation,” January 9, 1913. “The Composite Rizal,” “The Nation,” April 10, 1913. “The Life of José Rizal, a Chronology by Austin Craig,” “The Manila Independent,” December 31, 1921. “Autógrafos de Rizal,” Fernando Canon, “The Manila Independent,” December 31, 1921. “Páginas Inéditas de Rizal” (Dapitan), “Dia Filipino,” Manila, June 19, 1918. “Rizal en Hong-Kong,” by Vicente Sotto, in “Renacimiento Filipino,” Manila, July 7, 1913. “Rizal’s Story of His Life,” the Manila “Citizen,” August and September, 1918. “Rizal and Philippine Nationalism,” by José Melencio, the Manila “Citizen,” February 21, 1919. “Rizal as a Historian,” by Austin Craig, “Philippine Herald,” Manila, July 10, 1921. “The Song of the Wanderer,” translated by Arthur Ferguson, “Dia Filipino,” June, 1918. “The Song of the Wanderer,” translated by Charles Derbyshire, “Philippine Journal of Education,” Manila, December, 1919. “To My Muse,” translated by Charles Derbyshire, “Philippine Journal of Education,” December, 1919. “To the Flowers of Heidelberg,” translated by Charles Derbyshire, “Philippine Journal of Education,” December, 1919. “Rizal as a Poet,” by Eliseo Hervas, “Philippine Journal of Education,” 1919. “Inspiring Traits of Rizal’s Character,” by Ignacio Villamor, “Philippine Journal of Education,” December, 1919. “Rizal as a Patriot, Author, and Scientist,” by former Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, “Philippine Journal of Education,” December, 1919. “Rizal as a Scientist,” Benito Soliven, “Philippine Journal of Education,” December, 1919. “Rizal’s Character,” by T. H. Pardo de Tavera, published by the Manila Filatélica, 1918. “The Story of José Rizal,” by Austin Craig, published by the Philippine Education Publishing Company, 1909. “Revista Filipina,” Manila, December, 1916, a Rizal number, with articles by Mariano Ponce, Epifanio de los Santos, and others. “Murió el Doctor Rizal Cristianamente? Reconstitución de las Ultimas Horas de Su Vida.” Estudio Histórico por Gonzalo M. Piñana, Barcelona, 1920. NOTES [1] Craig, p. 83; Derbyshire, p. xvi. Blair and Robertson, “The Philippine Islands,” Vol. LII, p. 170. [2] “Noli Me Tangere,” Chap. LVII. [3] Created after one of the many insurrections and contributing to the causes of the insurrection of 1872. Craig, p. 80. [4] Craig, pp. 86–87. [5] Born 1792, died 1872. He was once governor of Hong-Kong. [6] Craig, p. 88. [7] The ease with which false accusations could be manufactured, as Rizal showed afterward in his novels, was a valid asset in Spanish supremacy. [8] Rizal, in his “Boyhood Story,” merely says her innocence was shown and she was released. It was Dr. Craig that, investigating the facts on the spot, came upon the incident of the dance and the pardon. At the time Rizal could hardly have published it. [9] Retana, p. 15; Craig, Chap. II. [10] Rizal, “Childhood Impressions,” p. 1. [11] About seven thousand in all, including rocks and reefs. [12] In “El Progreso Material,” “The National Forum,” July, 1922. [13] To be discussed in a later chapter. [14] Craig and Benitez, “Philippine Progress Prior to 1898.” [15] Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and the Recollect Fathers. Compare Barrows, “History of the Philippines,” p. 121. [16] Fernández, “A Brief History of the Philippines,” p. 136. [17] The Philippine Independence Mission of 1922 estimated the number at one hundred, great and small. [18] Barrio: hamlet. Most Philippine farmers live gregariously. [19] From 1844 to 1850. He was one of the reforming governor-generals and left a name more revered than the others. [20] Retana, pp. 14–15. [21] Craig, pp. 61, 63. [22] Derbyshire. [23] College of Santa Rosa. [24] Rizal’s “Boyhood Story,” “The First Reading Lesson.” [25] Craig, p. 78. [26] Azotea: the roof of the porch of a Philippine house, usually at the rear. [27] His “Boyhood Story,” p. 4. [28] Sinamay: a native cloth woven of abaca (hemp) and sometimes of the fiber that is called “pineapple.” [29] Mabolo: the date-plum, a reddish fruit, looking something like an apple, but turnip-shaped. [30] The Jesuits were not one of the four orders that figure so conspicuously in this story. They had been banished from the Philippines as from Spain in 1767, and all their insular property, valued at 3,320,000 pesos, was confiscated by the Government. In 1852 another royal decree allowed them to return, but they never regained their former prominence and power. [31] Craig, p. 82. [32] Craig, p. 83; Derbyshire, p. xvi; Fernández, p. 226. [33] Retana, pp. 18, 19. [34] See Dr. Blumentritt’s article, Appendix D. [35] Dr. Blumentritt; see Appendix D. [36] “Blackwood’s,” November, 1902, p. 620. [37] “Boyhood Story,” p. vi. [38] “Boyhood Story,” p. 19. [39] With a girl older than he was and already engaged to another. She seems to have been something of a flirt. A few years afterward he wrote (apparently for himself) an account of his feelings and sufferings in those days. Mariano Ponce, his friend and confidant, published the document in the “Revista Filipina,” December, 1916. It shows Rizal to have been a poetical and dreamy lover. When he discovered the hopeless nature of his attachment he wandered alone in the woods, given up to a melancholy conviction of misfortune, but recovered in time to fall in love again and learn the reality of his forebodings. [40] The professor speaks these words in the vulgar dialect. [41] “El Filibusterismo,” Chap. XIII. Derbyshire’s translation. [42] “Boyhood Story”: v. [43] Craig, p. 92. [44] These poems are printed by Retana, pp. 26–29. A translation of one of them is attempted for the first time in the Appendix A of this work. [45] London, 1875. [46] Craig, p. 95. [47] Craig, pp. 696–98. [48] Rizal’s “Boyhood Story.” [49] Retana, p. 31. [50] See Appendix A. [51] Craig, pp. 109–110. [52] “Fair hope of my fatherland.” [53] See Appendix A. [54] Craig, p. 109.