Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840
of the Empire, and under the Restoration became _aide-de-camp_
to the Duc d'Orléans. Under the July monarchy he filled various
diplomatic posts, and became Peer of France in 1840. He retired
into private life after 1848.
AUBUSSON, the Comte Pierre d' (1793-1842). Colonel of Infantry. In
1823 he married Mlle. Rouillé du Boissy du Coudray, and died
insane in 1842.
AUBUSSON, Mlle. Noémi d'. Born in 1826. She was the daughter of
the Comte Pierre d'Aubusson. She married, in 1842, Prince
Gontran of Bauffremont.
AUGUSTA OF ENGLAND, Princess* (1797-1809). Duchess of Cambridge.
She was daughter of the Landgrave Frederick of Hesse Cassel.
AUMALE, Henri d'Orléans, duc d' (1822-1897). Fourth son of King
Louis-Philippe and of Queen Marie Amélie. He distinguished
himself by his brilliant military exploits in Algiers. He left
France in 1848 and returned after 1871. He again became an
exile, and did not return until 1889. His talents as historian
procured his entry to the French Academy. He bequeathed to the
Institute of France his beautiful estate of Chantilly.
AUSTIN, Sarah (1793-1867). An English writer who translated many
German books into English and wrote moral and educational works.
B
BADEN, Grand Duke Leopold of (1790-1858). Succeeded his brother
Louis in 1830. He married Princess Sophia, daughter of Gustavus
Adolphus IV., King of Sweden.
BADEN, Grand Duchess Stephanie of (1789-1860). Daughter of Claude
de Beauharnais, Chamberlain to the Empress Marie Louise. She
married in 1806 the Grand Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Baden,
who died in 1818.
BADEN, Princess Marie of (1817-1887). Daughter of the Grand Duke
Charles Louis of Baden and of Stéphanie de Beauharnais. She
married in 1842 the Duke of Hamilton, and was left a widow in
1863.
BAGRATION, Princess (1783-1857). Catherine Skavronska, married, in
1800, Prince Peter Bagration, who was killed at the Borodino in
1812. In 1830 the Princess married an English Colonel, Sir John
Hobart Caradoc, Lord Howden. The Princess was a friend of Prince
Metternich.
BALBI, the Comtesse de (1753-1839). Daughter of the Marquis de
Caumont La Force. She married the Comte de Balbi and became Lady
of Honour to the Comtesse de Provence. The Comte de Provence,
afterwards Louis XVIII., honoured him with his friendship. The
Comtesse de Balbi possessed every charm of beauty and mind.
BALLANCHE, Pierre Simon (1776-1847). A mystical writer who for
some time conducted at Lyons a large printing and publishing
establishment which he had inherited. He then settled at Paris,
where he became intimate with Madame de Staël, Chateaubriand,
Joubert, etc. He became a member of the French Academy in 1844.
BALZAC, Honoré de (1799-1850). One of the most fertile and
remarkable contemporary novelists, especially powerful in his
profound analysis of human passion.
BARANTE, the Baron Prosper de (1782-1866). He was successively
auditor to the State Council, entrusted with diplomatic
missions, Prefect of the Vendée and of the Loire-Inférieure,
then Deputy, Peer of France, and Ambassador at St. Petersburg.
As writer and historian he was most successful and his History
of the Dukes of Burgundy secured him a seat in the French
Academy.
BARANTE, the Baronne de. _Née_ d'Houdetot. Of Creole origin, she
was renowned for her beauty.
BENDEMANN, Edward (1811-1889). A German painter who acquired a
brilliant reputation at an early age. Professor at the Academy
of Fine Arts at Dresden, he executed the frescoes in the
throne-room of the royal castle of that town. In 1860 he became
director of the Academy of Düsseldorf in succession to Schadow
whose daughter he had married.
BARBET DE JOUY, Joseph Henri (1812-1896). Director of the Museum
of the Louvre and member of the Academy of Fine Arts.
BARROT, Odilon* (1791-1873). French politician.
BARTHE, Félix* (1795-1863). French magistrate and statesman.
BASTIDE, Jules (1800-1879). An ardent Liberal connected with the
Carbonari; he conducted a desperate opposition to Charles X.
Under Louis-Philippe he was Commander of the National Guard, was
compromised and condemned to death for his share in the outbreak
upon the funeral of General Lamarque; he escaped and fled to
London. Afterwards he returned to France and conducted the
_National_ after the death of Armand Carrel. In 1848 he was a
Deputy, and for a short time Minister of Foreign Affairs. Under
the Empire he held aloof from politics.
BATHURST, Lady Georgina. Wife of Lord Henry Bathurst, one of the
chief members of the Tory Party.
BATTHYANY, Countess* (1798-1840). _Née_ Baroness of Ahrennfeldt.
BAUDRAND, the General Comte* (1774-1848). _Aide-de-camp_ to the
Duc d'Orléans.
BAUDRAND, Madame. The great fashionable milliner at Paris in 1836.
BAUFFREMONT, the Duchesse de (born in 1771). Daughter of the Duc
de la Vauguyon. She married, in 1787, Alexandre, Duc de
Bauffremont. She was very intimate with the Prince de
Talleyrand.
BAUFFREMONT, the Princesse de (1802-1860). Laurence, daughter of
the Duc de Montmorency. She married, in 1819, Prince Théodore de
Bauffremont. She was the elder sister of the Duchesse de
Valençay.
BAUFFREMONT, the Prince Gontran de. Born in 1822. He married, in
1842, Mlle. d'Aubusson de La Feuillade.
BAUSSET, the Cardinal de (1748-1824). Bishop of Alais. He was made
a Peer at the Restoration and received his Cardinal's hat in
1817. The previous year he had entered the French Academy. He
wrote a Life of Fénelon and a Life of Bossuet.
BAUTAIN, the Abbé (1796-1867). A pupil of the Normal School, where
he studied under M. Cousin. He was appointed Professor of
Philosophy at the College of Strasburg in 1816, and took orders
in 1828. In 1849 Mgr. Sibour, Archbishop of Paris, appointed him
Vicar-General. The Abbé Bautain pursued almost every branch of
human knowledge.
BAVARIA, the Queen Dowager of (1776-1841). Princess Caroline of
Baden, daughter of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden;
she married Maximilian of Bavaria in 1797, and became a widow in
1825.
BAVARIA, King Louis I. of (1786-1868). Ascended the throne of
Bavaria in 1825 on the death of his father, Maximilian I. King
Louis abdicated in 1848 after making Munich the Athens of
Germany.
BAVARIA, Queen Theresa of (1792-1854). Daughter of Duke Frederick
of Saxe-Hildburghausen, afterwards Saxony Altenburg.
BAVARIA, Prince Royal of (1811-1864). Maximilian II., son of King
Louis I., whom he succeeded in 1848. In 1842 he married Princess
Marie of Prussia.
BEAUVAU, the Prince Marc de (1816-1883). Married as his first
wife, in 1840, Mlle. Marie d'Aubusson de La Feuillade, and as
his second wife Mlle. Adèle de Gontaut-Biron.
BECKET, St. Thomas (1117-1170). Archbishop of Canterbury.
Assassinated at the foot of the altar by the courtiers of Henry
II., King of England. Pope Alexander III. canonised him as a
martyr.
BEGAS, Charles Joseph (1794-1854). German painter; pupil of Gros,
with whom he studied at Paris. In 1822 he went to Italy, and in
1825 he settled at Berlin, where he became painter to the King
of Prussia, Professor and Member of the Academy of Fine Arts.
BELGIANS, King of the, Leopold I. (1790-1865).
BELGIANS, Queen of the,* Louise, Princesse d'Orléans (1812-1850).
Second wife of Leopold I. of Belgium and daughter of
Louis-Philippe.
BELGIOJOSO, Princess (1808-1871). Christina Trivulzio, married, in
1824, the Prince Barbiano Belgiojoso. Her dislike of the
Austrians drove her to leave Milan and settle at Paris in 1831,
where she attracted attention by her beauty, her cleverness, and
her foreign ways. Princess Belgiojoso published in 1846, under
an obvious pseudonym, a work in four volumes, entitled _An Essay
on the Formation of Catholic Dogma_, which aroused much
discussion. When Piedmont declared war upon Austria in 1848 the
Princess hastened to Milan, fitted out and paid a battalion.
After the peace she was exiled, and returned to Paris, where she
gained a living for the most part with her pen, as her property
had been confiscated by the Austrian Government. It was not
restored to her until 1859, when she returned to Italy and
plunged eagerly into politics.
BENKENDORFF, Count Constantine of (1786-1858). Chief of the staff
of the Emperor Nicholas I. of Russia. He was for sometime
Minister at Stuttgart, where he died.
BERGERON, Louis.* Born in 1811. French journalist.
BERNARD, Simon, Baron (1779-1839). Peer of France and Minister of
War under Louis-Philippe, after serving under the Emperor
Napoleon I. and under the first Restoration.
BERRYER, Antoine* (1790-1868). French lawyer.
BERTIN DE VEAUX, M.* (1771-1842). French journalist.
BERTIN DE VEAUX, Madame, _née_ Bocquet. Daughter-in-law of M.
Merlin.
BERTIN L'AÎNÉ, Louis François (1766-1841). French publicist.
Founded the _Journal des Débats_ with his brother, Bertin de
Veaux.
BERTIN, Madame. Mlle. Boutard, sister of an art critic on the
_Journal des Débats_. She married M. Bertin the elder.
BERTRAND, the Comte (1773-1844). The faithful friend of Napoleon
I., whose _aide-de-camp_ he was, and whom he followed to Elba
and St. Helena.
BERWICK, Duchess of (1793-1863). Dona Rosalia Ventimighi Moncada
was born at Palermo, and was a daughter of the Count of Prado.
She was Lady of Honour to Queen Isabella and Chief Lady of the
Palace. Her son, the Duke of Berwick and of Alba, married the
eldest sister of the Empress Eugenie.
BILZ, Fräulein Margarete von (1792-1875). At first piano mistress
to Princess Marie of Baden (afterwards Lady Hamilton), and then
Lady of Honour to the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.
BINZER, Frau von (1801-1891). _Née_ von Gerschau. She married, in
1822, Herr von Binzer, a German man of letters.
BIRON, Henri, Marquis de (1803-1883). He married Mlle. de Mun,
sister of the Marquis de Mun, who bore him no children. Left a
widower at an early age, he then lived with his brother, the
Comte Etienne de Biron.
BIRON-COURLANDE, Prince Charles of. Born in 1811. He married, in
1833, a Countess of Lippe-Biesterfeld.
BIRON-COURLANDE, the Princess Fanny of (1815-1883). Sister of the
Countess of Hohenthal and of Madame de Lazareff. Princess Fanny
married General von Boyen.
BJOERNSTJERNA, Countess of (1797-1865). Elizabeth Charlotte,
daughter of the Field-Marshal, the Count of Stedingk, Swedish
Ambassador in Russia, and sister of the Countess Ugglas. She
married, in 1815, the Baron of Bjoernstjerna, appointed Swedish
Minister at London in 1828. He died in 1847.
BLITTERSDORFF, Baron Frederick of (1792-1861). A statesman in
Baden. He was Diplomatic Minister at St. Petersburg in 1816, and
Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary Envoy to the Germanic
Confederation in 1821, Minister of Foreign Affairs at Carlsruhe
in 1835. In 1848 he retired from politics. He had married Mlle.
Brentano.
BONALD, the Vicomte de (1754-1840). The most famous representative
of the monarchical and religious doctrines of the Restoration.
He became an _émigré_ in 1791, and returned to France when the
Empire was proclaimed; from 1815 to 1822 he was a Deputy, and
became Peer of France in 1823, and afterwards member of the