Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840
French Academy. He laboured incessantly with pen and sword to
support the throne and the altar, and thus contributed to the
return of religious ideas to France.
BONAPARTE, Madame Lætitia (1750-1836). Lætitia Ramolino, of an
Italian family, was married at the age of sixteen to Charles
Bonaparte, by whom she had thirteen children. Napoleon I. was
her second son. In 1814, after the fall of the Empire, she
retired to Rome, where she lived in seclusion.
BONAPARTE, Joseph (1768-1844). Elder brother of Napoleon I.,
Joseph Bonaparte married, at Marseilles in 1794, the daughter of
a merchant, sister of the wife of Bernadotte, Marie Julie Clary.
He shared in the _coup d'état_ of the 18th Brumaire, and
several times governed France in the absence of Napoleon. In
1806 he was appointed King of Naples and transferred to the
throne of Spain in 1808, which he lost in 1813; after the
downfall of the Empire he withdrew, first to the United States,
and then to Florence, where he died.
BONAPARTE, Jérôme* (1784-1860). Youngest brother of Napoleon I.
BONAPARTE, Lucien* (1775-1840). Third brother of Napoleon I.
BONAPARTE, Prince Louis (1808-1873). Son of Louis Bonaparte, King
of Holland, and of Hortense de Beauharnais. Prince Louis had an
adventurous youth: in 1836, at Strasburg, and in 1840, at
Boulogne, he attempted to overthrow Louis-Philippe, and to
restore the Empire for his own purposes. Condemned to perpetual
confinement, he was imprisoned at Ham; thence he escaped, fled
to Belgium, and returned to France after the revolution of 1848.
He was elected President of the Republic on November 16 of the
same year. Four years later the Empire was proclaimed, and
Prince Louis reigned till 1870 under the name of Napoleon III.
BORDEAUX, the Duc de* (1820-1883). Son of the Duc de Berry and
grandson of King Charles X. He afterwards took the title of
Comte de Chambord.
BOSSUET, Jacques Bénigne (1627-1704). Of a magistrate's family, he
was brought up among the Jesuits and received Holy Orders in
1652. He was Bishop of Condom in 1669 and then Bishop of Meaux.
In 1670 he was appointed tutor to the Dauphin of France, and
composed for that prince several educational works (Discourses
upon Universal History, &c.) and showed himself a zealous
defender of French liberty.
BOURDOIS DE LA MOTTE, Edme Joachim (1754-1830). A doctor at the
Hospital of La Charity in Paris, he was detained at La Force
during the revolutionary disturbances and then followed the army
of Italy. In 1811 he was appointed Court doctor at Rome and was
also attached to the Court under the Restoration. He became
member of the Academy of Medicine in 1820.
BOURLIER, Comte (1731-1821). He studied theology at Saint Sulpice,
was appointed Bishop of Evreux in 1802 and entrusted by Napoleon
I. with several confidential missions to the Pope. He was made
peer of France by Louis XVIII. in 1814.
BOURLON DE SARTY, Paul de. He was Prefect of Marne and had married
Mlle. Adrienne de Vandœuvre.
BOURQUENEY, Baron, afterwards Comte de* (1800-1869). French
diplomatist.
BRESSON, Comte Charles* (1788-1847). French diplomatist.
BRETZENHEIM VON REGÉCZ (the Princess of). Born in 1806, Caroline,
daughter of Prince Joseph of Schwarzenberg, married Prince
Ferdinand of Bretzenheim, Chamberlain to the Austrian Court.
BRÉZÉ, Marquis de Dreux--(1793-1846). An officer who shared in the
last campaigns of the Empire. As aide-de-camp to Marshal Soult
at the Restoration, he followed the king to Ghent; in 1827 he
retired and became peer of France after his father's death in
1829. In the Upper Chamber he was one of the most ardent leaders
of the Legitimist party against the government of
Louis-Philippe.
BRETONNEAU, Dr. Pierre* (1778-1862). A doctor at Tours.
BRIGNOLE, Marchesa of. _Née_ Anna Pieri, of a noble family of
Sienna. She was the mother of the Marquis of Brignole, for a
long time Sardinian Ambassador at Paris and of the Duchess of
Dalberg. She died in 1815 during the Congress, at Vienna,
whither she had accompanied the Empress Marie Louise.
BRIGODE, Baron de (1775-1854). He entered the Council of State as
auditor in 1803 and was deputy in the legislative body in 1805.
In 1837 he was appointed peer of France. After the Revolution of
1848 he retired to private life.
BROGLIE, Duc Victor de* (1785-1870). French Statesman.
BROGLIE, Duchesse de* (1797-1840). _Née_ Albertine de Staël.
BROGLIE (Mlle. Louise de). Born in 1818; married in 1836 the Comte
d'Haussonville.
BROSSES, Charles de (1709-1777). A Frenchman and a learned man of
letters; the author of a work on Italy which was very
successful.
BROUGHAM, Lord* (1778-1868). English statesman.
BÜLOW, Baron Heinrich von* (1790-1846). Prussian Diplomatist.
BÜLOW, Frau von (1802-1889). Daughter of Wilhelm von Humboldt and
wife of Baron Heinrich von Bülow, with whom she resided in
London from 1830 to 1834.
BULWER, Sir Henry (1804-1872). English diplomatist. First attached
to the legations of Berlin, Vienna and the Hague and constantly
resident in Paris. From 1843 to 1848 he was Minister
Plenipotentiary in Spain. After marrying the youngest of the
daughters of Lord Cowley he represented his country in the
United States, in Tuscany and at Constantinople in 1858.
BUOL-SCHAUENSTEIN, Count (1797-1865). Austrian diplomatist at
Florence in 1816, at Paris in 1822, at London in 1824; then
Minister at Carlsruhe, at Darmstadt in 1831, at Stuttgart in
1838, at Turin in 1848, and finally at St. Petersburg. He became
Privy Councillor and accompanied in 1851 the Prince of
Schwarzenberg to the conference of Dresden. In 1852 he was
appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. He resigned in 1859.
BUOL, Countess (1809-1862). Princess Caroline of Isenburg married
in 1829 Count Buol. From her mother, _née_ Baroness of Herding,
she inherited an enormous fortune.
BURGUNDY, the Duchess of (1685-1712). Marie Adelaide, daughter of
Victor Amadaus, first King of Sardinia, a great favourite at the
Court of France. This princess died in the flower of her youth,
six days before her husband and, like him, of the measles. She
had several children, one of whom survived and became Louis XV.
BUSSIÈRE, Jules Edmond de (1804-1888). Diplomatist, _Chargé
d'affaires_ at Darmstadt and then at Dresden. Louis-Philippe
raised him to the peerage in 1841. In 1848 he retired to private
life.
BYRON, George Gordon, Lord* (1788-1824). Famous English romantic
poet.
C
CALATRAVA, Don José Maria (1781-1846). Spanish statesman and
defender of the liberty of his country. Deported in 1814, he
was unable to return to Spain until the Constitution was
re-established in 1820. As Minister of Justice in 1823 he was
obliged to take ship for England during the period of the
French occupation. In 1830 he joined the Junta in power at
Bayonne. In opposition to Martinez de la Rosa, he joined the
National Guard of Madrid in 1835. When the Queen had taken the
oath to observe the Constitution, the chief power returned to
his hands, and after many proofs of his incapacity he was made
a Senator.
CAMPAN, Mme.* (1752-1822). Famous in the history of French
Education.
CANOVA, Antonio* (1757-1822). Celebrated Italian sculptor.
CAPUA, Prince of (1811-1862). Charles Ferdinand, brother of King
Ferdinand of Naples. He had been suspected of participation in
intrigues against the dynasty and was exiled. He contracted a
morganatic marriage in England with Miss Penelope Smith by whom
he had two children who were not recognised by the Royal Family
of Naples. After 1860 he obtained from Victor Emanuel an
appanage which was afterwards confirmed to his widow and her
children during their life.
CAPRARA, Cardinal J. B. (1733-1810). Bishop of Iesi; he performed
several diplomatic missions with success and was appointed by
Pope Pius VII. as legate _a latere_ to the French Government,
and while occupying this position he concluded the concordat of
1801. He was appointed Archbishop of Milan and in this town
crowned Napoleon as King of Italy.
CARADOC, Sir John Hobart (1799-1873). Afterwards Lord Howden.
Colonel in the English Army and English Minister at Rio de
Janeiro and at Madrid.
CARAMAN, Marquise de. Césarine Gallard de Béarn married the
Marquis Victor de Caraman and was left a widow in 1836.
CARIGNAN, Prince Eugène de (1816-1888). Son of the Baron of
Villefranche and of Mlle. de la Vauguyon. The King of Sardinia,
Charles Albert, recognised him as a prince of the blood. He was
an Admiral in the Sardinian Navy and Regent of the kingdom
during the wars of 1859 and 1866. By a morganatic marriage he
had several children to whom King Humbert gave the title of
Counts of Villefranche Soissons, though he recognised no kind of
tie with the house of Savoy.
CARIGNAN, Philiberte de (1814-1874). Daughter of the Prince de
Villefranche of the House of Carignan, by his marriage with
Mlle. de la Vauguyon.
CARLOTTA, The Infanta* (1804-1844). Sister of Queen Christina of
Spain.
CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Prince Heinrich von (1783-1864). Cavalry general
in the Prussian army and chief huntsman to the Court. His first
wife was a Countess Pappenheim, by whom he had two daughters,
and his second wife was his cousin, the Countess Firks, by whom
he had no children.
CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Princess Adelaide (1797-1849). Daughter of the
Count of Pappenheim, Lieutenant-General of Bavaria. She married
in 1817 Prince Heinrich Carolath.
CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Princess Lucia. Born in 1822. Eldest daughter of
Prince Heinrich Carolath. She married the Count of Haugwitz and
became a widow in 1888.
CAROLATH-BEUTHEN, Princess Adelaide. Born in 1823. Youngest
daughter of Prince Heinrich Carolath.
CAROLATH-SAABOR, Prince Friedrich von (1790-1859). Major in the
Prussian army and Councillor at Grünberg, Silesia. He had
married the daughter of Prince Heinrich XLIV. Reuss.
CAROLINE, Maria (1752-1814). Queen of Naples. Daughter of the
Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. This Princess married
Ferdinand IV., King of Naples in 1768. Her influence induced him
to declare war upon the French Republic, and she brought down
upon him the vengeance of Napoleon I. Driven from her States,
Queen Caroline withdrew to Austria and died at Schönbrunn. She
was the mother of Queen Marie Amélie.
CAROLINE, the Empress (1803-1884). Princess Caroline of Savoy,
daughter of Victor Emanuel I. and twin sister of the Duchess of
Lucca. She married in 1831 Ferdinand II., Emperor of Austria.
CARRACI, Annibale* (1560-1609). Famous Italian painter.
CARREL, Armand* (1800-1836). French publicist.
CASANOVA DE SEINGALT (1725-1803). Famous adventurer of the
eighteenth century and the son of actors. He was by turn a
journalist, a preacher, and, in particular, a lady-killer. He
was intimate with Rousseau, Voltaire, Souvaroff, Frederick the
Great, and Catherine II. In distress and pecuniary want he
followed Count Waldstein-Dux to Bohemia to become his librarian.
At Dux he composed his memoirs, an unrepentant confession of his
life, and a more lively than moral picture of society.
CASTELLANE, the Comtesse de* (1796-1847). Cordélia Greffulhe.