Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840
LOW COUNTRIES, Queen of the (1774-1837). Wilhelmina, daughter of
King William II. of Prussia, and wife of King William I. of the
Low Countries.
LOW COUNTRIES, Princess Frederica of the* (1808-1870). By birth
Princess Louise of Prussia and daughter of Frederick William
III.
LUCCA, the Duchess of (1803-1879). She was a daughter of the King
of Sardinia and twin sister of the Empress Caroline of Austria,
wife of the Emperor Ferdinand II.
LUTTEROTH, Alexander of (1806-1882). Born at Leipzig, he served in
the French diplomatic service during his youth. He married a
Countess Batthyàny.
LYNDHURST, Lord (1772-1864). An English politician of the Tory
party. In three Cabinets he held the Great Seal, and occupied in
succession the highest political posts in his country. His
second wife was a Jewess, Mrs. Norton, for which reason he
vigorously supported the Bill for the admission of Jews into
Parliament.
M
MACDONALD, Marshal Alexander (1765-1840). Born of an Irish
family, he saw service in all the campaigns of the Republic and
the Empire. In 1804 he was dismissed for defending Moreau and
did not return to the service until 1809, when his
distinguished conduct at Wagram gained him the title of the
Duke of Tarentum. After the abdication of Napoleon I. he was
appointed peer of France and Grand Chancellor of the Legion of
Honour, a post which he held until 1831.
MACDONALD, General Alexandre de (1824-1881). Duke of Tarentum.
Only son of Marshal Macdonald and of Mlle. de Bourgoing, cousin
of King Charles X. and of Madame la Dauphine. On the accession
of Napoleon III. he became Chamberlain of the Emperor and Knight
of the Legion of Honour. He was a Deputy in 1852, Senator in
1869, and retired into private life in 1870.
MAGON-LABALLUE DE BOISGARIN, Mlle. (1765-1834). She was born of a
noble family who had become boat-builders, and married in 1779
the Comte de Villefranche, of the house of Carignan. After his
death she lived very quietly at Paris.
MAHMUD II. (1785-1839). Sultan of the Ottoman Turks. He ascended
the throne in 1808. His wars were the ruin of his empire, but
his domestic administration was marked by great reforms; he
introduced Western sciences and institutions, drilled his troops
in European style, and guaranteed religious toleration by a
firman of 1839.
MAILLÉ, the Duc de (1770-1837). Charles François Armand de la
Tour-Landry, Duc de Maillé, was before the Revolution first
Gentleman of the Chamber of Monsieur; he became an _émigré_ with
the Prince and held aloof from politics until the fall of the
Empire. He took a large share in the Royalist movement of 1814,
and resumed his former duties under King Louis XVIII., who made
him a Peer of France. He refused to take the oath to the July
monarchy,
MAINTENON, the Marquise de* (1635-1719). Morganatic wife of King
Louis XIV. and a famous educationist.
MAISON, the Marshal* (1771-1840). Peer of France and French
diplomatist, and member of several Cabinets.
MAISON, wife of the foregoing, Marie Madeleine Françoise Weygold,
was born in Prussia in 1776 and in 1796 married Marshal Maison,
at that time Major.
MALESHERBES, Chrétien Guillaume Lamoignon de (1721-1794). Son of
Chancellor Lamoignon, he was a Minister with Turgot under Louis
XVI.; he defended the King before the Convention, and died
himself upon the scaffold. He was a member of the French
Academy.
MALTZAN, Count Mortimer of (1783-1843), First gentleman at the
Prussian Court. Chamberlain and major and Minister
Plenipotentiary to the Court of Vienna. He married a Countess of
Golz.
MANNAY, the Abbé Charles (1745-1824). He studied at St. Sulpice,
where he distinguished himself. After his ordination as priest
he became chief vicar and then canon of the cathedral of Rheims.
When the Revolution broke out he retired to England and
Scotland, and in 1802 was appointed Bishop of Trèves. He
resigned in 1814 and returned to France, where, in 1817, he was
appointed Bishop of Auxerre, and in 1820 of Rennes. He was a
great friend of the Prince de Talleyrand.
MARBEUF, the Marquise de (1765-1839). She married in 1784 the
Comte, afterwards the Marquis de Marbeuf, gentleman of the
chamber of the Comte de Provence and Field Marshal, afterwards
Governor of Corsica. She was left a widow in 1786, and retired
to the convent of the Sacré Cœur, where she took the veil.
MARBOIS, the Marquis de Barbé* (1745-1837). French diplomatist and
politician, for a long time president of the financial court.
MARCHAND, Louis Joseph Narcisse (1791-1876). First Groom of the
Chamber of the Emperor Napoleon I., whom he followed to St
Helena. To him the Emperor dictated his "Summary of the Wars of
Julius Cæsar," which Marchant published in 1836. On his deathbed
Napoleon gave him the title of Comte, and then entrusted him
with his will. On his return to France Marchand married, in
1823, the daughter of General Brayer, and settled at Strasburg.
In 1840 he was associated with the Prince de Joinville to bring
back the remains of the Emperor from St. Helena, and was made
Knight and afterwards Officer of the Legion of Honour.
MARCHESI, Luigi (1755-1829). A famous Italian singer whose method
became supreme in the musical art. His first appearance was at
Rome in 1774. Every capital in Europe attempted to secure his
presence, but in the theatre of his native town, Milan, he ended
a career which had brought him both honour and riches.
MARESCALCHI, the Comtesse de, died in 1846. She was the daughter
of the Marquis de Pange and of Mlle. de Caraman.
MAREUIL, the Comte Joseph Durand de* (1769-1855). French
diplomatist.
MARIA II., OR DOÑA MARIA DA GLORIA* (1819-1853). Queen of
Portugal.
MARIE AMÉLIE, the Queen* (1782-1866). Wife of Louis-Philippe, King
of the French.
MARIA CHRISTINA, the Queen (1806-1878.) Daughter of Francis I.,
King of the Two Sicilies, she was the third wife of Ferdinand
VII., King of Spain. In 1833 she became a widow and
Queen-Regent, and in 1834 married Ferdinand Muñoz, officer in
the Life Guards, who was made Duke of Rinanzares. After she had
been obliged to leave the country and hand over the regency to
Espartero, Duke of the Victoire, Queen Christina returned to
Spain in 1843, and then governed in the name of her daughter,
Isabella II. She was again exiled in 1854, withdrew to Paris,
and lived there until her death.
MARIE DE MEDICIS* (1573-1642). Wife of the King of France, Henry
IV., and Regent during the minority of her son, Louis XIII.
MARIE D'ORLÉANS, the Princess* (1813-1839). Daughter of King
Louis-Philippe and wife of Prince Alexander of Würtemberg.
MARIE LOUISE, Archduchess (1791-1847). By her marriage with
Napoleon I. she became Empress, and after her husband fell she
secured the duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guastella. After
the Emperor's death she married the Count of Neipperg, by whom
she had three children. Her third husband was the Count de
Bombelles.
MARIA THERESA, the Empress* (1717-1780). Empress of Austria and
Queen of Hungary; wife of Francis of Lorraine.
MARLBOROUGH, the Duchess of (1660-1744). Sarah Jennings married,
about 1680, the famous English general, John Churchill,
afterwards Duke of Marlborough. The Duchess of Marlborough was
the favourite of Queen Anne, over whom she exerted great
influence.
MAROCHETTI, Baron Charles (1805-1867). Born at Turin. His father
adopted the French nationality when he was ten years of age; he
studied at the Lycée Napoleon at Paris. He studied sculpture in
the studio of Bosio, pupil of Canova, and then spent eight years
at Rome. He left a son, who resumed his Italian nationality,
entered the diplomatic career, and was Ambassador at St.
Petersburg.
MARS, Mlle. Famous actress at the Comédie Française.
MARTIN DU NORD, Nicolas Ferdinand Marie Louis Joseph* (1790-1847).
Magistrate and French politician.
MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA, François* (1789-1862). Spanish man of letters
and politician.
MASSA, the Duchesse de.* Born in 1792. Daughter of Marshal
Macdonald.
MASSIMO, Princess Christine. Died of cholera in 1837. Daughter of
Prince Xavier of Saxony and of Countess Claire of Spinucci.
MATHIEU, M. A French painter who gave lessons in drawing to the
daughters of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.
MATUSIEWICZ, Count Andrew Joseph* (1790-1842). Polish diplomatist
in the Russian service.
MAUSSION, the Baron Alfred de. At first, like his brother Adolphe,
he entered the army and became an officer. He was a very
intimate friend of the Montmorency family, being a distant
relation, and was also well known to the Dosne family. He became
the friend of M. Thiers, who appointed him consul at Rostock.
MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, the Grand Duchess of (1771-1871). Augusta,
Princess of Hesse-Homburg, third wife of the Hereditary Grand
Duke Frederick of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, whom she married in
1818, and who died before his father in 1819. The Grand Duchess
was also the step-mother of the Duchesse d'Orléans.
MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, the Princess Helena (1814-1858). She
married, in 1837, the Duc d'Orléans, by whom she had two
children, the Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres. She became
a widow in 1842. She was the daughter of the second marriage of
the Hereditary Grand Duke Frederick of Mecklenburg, who died in
1819, with a Princess of Saxe-Weimar.
MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, the Grand Duke of (1779-1860). He succeeded
his father, the Grand Duke Charles, in 1816, and married, in
1817, a Princess of Hesse Cassel. He was brother to Queen Louise
of Prussia.
MEDEM, Count Paul* (1800-1854). A Russian diplomatist, cousin of
the Duchess de Dino.
MEDICIS, Lorenzo de, known as the Magnificent (1448-1492). A
patron of arts and letters, he honoured with his friendship and
his kindness Pico della Mirandola, Angelo Poliziano, and Michael
Angelo, by whom his mausoleum at Florence was designed.
MEHEMET ALI (1769-1849). Viceroy of Egypt. He began life as a
merchant, became a soldier and fought against the French in
1799. In 1806 he was able to drive out the Governor of Egypt and
proclaim himself Viceroy. As the Mameluks would not cease their
revolts, he had them massacred throughout Egypt on March 1,
1811. In his two wars against the Porte, in 1832 and 1839, his
lieutenant was his son Ibrahim, whose victory of Nezib laid the
Sultan at his mercy. A European coalition in which France
declined to take part, deprived him of the fruits of this
victory, but for himself and his descendants he secured the
Governorship of Egypt under the sovereignty of the Porte. He
introduced great reforms into his country.
MELBOURNE, William Lamb, Lord* (1779-1848). English politician,
brother of Lady Palmerston.
MÉRODE, the Comte Werner de (1816-1905). He married in 1843 his
cousin Mlle. Thérèse de Mérode.
METTERNICH, Prince* (1773-1859). Austrian diplomatist and
statesman.
METTERNICH, Princess Melanie of (1805-1854). Third wife of Prince
Metternich and daughter of Count Francis of Zichy-Ferraris.
MEUNIER. In 1836 was found guilty of complicity with Lavau, who
had attempted to assassinate Louis-Philippe. He was a saddler
and a benefactor of Lavau.