Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1836-1840
prisoner but was exchanged soon afterwards. Under the
Restoration he became aide-de-camp to the Duc de Berry, then
first equerry to the Duc de Bordeaux, and finally Field Marshal
in 1824. After 1830 he retired.
ROOTHE, Madame de. Famous for her beauty. She married the Duc de
Richelieu who was then more than eighty years of age and whose
third wife she was.
ROOTHE, M. de. Son of the first marriage of the Duchesse de
Richelieu.
ROSAMEL, M. de (1774-1848). Claude Charles Marie du Camp de
Rosamel. A French sailor; Captain in 1814 and Rear-Admiral in
1823. He went through the Algerian campaign in 1830; in 1836 he
became Naval Minister in the Molé Ministry, and in 1839 entered
the Chamber of Peers.
ROSSE, Lawrence, Lord (1758-1841). In 1797 he married Miss Alice
Lloyd. He was distinguished in the Irish Parliament for his
popularity and his eloquence. On his father's death he succeeded
to his seat in the House of Lords in 1807. He was the father of
the learned astronomer William Rosse.
ROSSI, the Countess (1803-1854). Henriette Sontag, of Swedish
origin, was a famous singer. In 1830 she abandoned the theatre
on her marriage with Count Rossi and was then a leading figure
in aristocratic salons by reason of her intellectual grace and
her dignified conduct. In 1848 pecuniary losses reduced her to
reappear upon the stage in Paris and London. Afterwards she went
to America and died of cholera in Mexico.
ROTHSCHILD, Madame Salomon de* (1774-1855). She had married the
second son of Mayer Anselme Rothschild, who founded the branches
of the banking house in Vienna and Paris.
ROTHSCHILD, James de (1792-1868). Fourth son of Mayer Anselme
Rothschild, settled at Paris.
ROUGÉ, Marquis Alexis de (1778-1838). Peer of France in 1815, he
married in 1804 Mlle. de Crussol d'Uzès.
ROUSSEAU, J. J. (1712-1778). Famous writer and philosopher. Son of
a watchmaker at Geneva, his education was greatly neglected.
With Voltaire he was an important revolutionary influence in the
eighteenth century.
ROUSSIN, Admiral* (1781-1854). Peer of France, Ambassador at
Constantinople from 1832 to 1834 and Naval Minister in 1840.
ROVIGO, the Duc de (1774-1833). Anne Jean Marie René Savary.
Aide-de-camp to General Bonaparte in Egypt, and afterwards
commander of the picked bodyguard of the First Council. He was
ordered to carry out the death sentence pronounced upon the Duc
d'Enghien in 1804, and was then appointed General. After the
battle of Friedland, he was made Duc de Rovigo; in 1810 he
succeeded Fouché as Minister of Police. After 1815, the English
refused to send him to St. Helena with Napoleon and the
Restoration condemned him to death, but he escaped and was
afterwards acquitted. In 1831 he commanded the army of Algeria,
terrorised the natives by his severity, and constructed fine
strategical roads.
ROY, the Comte Antoine (1764-1847). A lawyer and afterwards deputy
he became Finance Minister in 1818, and introduced valuable
reforms into this department. He was a Member of the Chamber of
Peers under the Restoration and under the July Monarchy.
ROYER COLLARD, Pierre Paul* (1763-1845). French philosopher
statesman and Member of the Academy.
RUBINI, J. B.* (1795-1854). Famous Italian tenor.
RUMFORD, Madame de (1766-1836). Mlle. de Paulze married the
scientist, Lavoisier, as her first husband. He died upon the
scaffold of the Revolution, and in 1804 she married Rumford, a
German physician and philosopher. In 1814 she was left a widow.
Her drawing-room at Paris was famous.
RUMIGNY, Comte Marie Théodore de (1789-1860). He took part in the
wars of the First Empire and was aide-de-camp to General Gérard
in 1812. In 1830 Louis-Philippe appointed him Field Marshal;
after 1848 he accompanied the King to England and then lived in
retirement.
RUSSELL, Lord William* (1799-1846). English diplomatist and
Ambassador at Berlin.
RUSSELL, Lord John.* English statesman, member of several
Ministries and twice Prime Minister.
RUSSIA, Empress Marie of (1759-1828). Marie Feodorovna, formerly
Sophie, daughter of Duke Frederick of Würtemberg, second wife of
the Emperor Paul, mother of Alexander I. and of Nicholas I. She
was left a widow in 1801.
RUSSIA, the Grand Duchess Constantine of (1781-1831). Julienne,
Princess of Saxe Coburg Gotha married in 1796 the Grand Duke
Constantine of Russia and was baptized under the name of Anna
Feodorovna.
RUSSIA, the Emperor of (1796-1855). Nicholas I.*
RUSSIA, the Empress of (1798-1860). Charlotte, daughter of
Frederick William III. of Prussia, married in 1817 the Grand
Duke Nicholas of Russia, who ascended the throne in 1825.
RUSSIA, Grand Duchess Helena of (1807-1873). Daughter of Prince
Paul of Würtemberg and of his first wife, a princess of Saxe
Altenburg. She married in 1824 the Grand Duke Michael of Russia,
youngest son of the Emperor Paul.
RUSSIA, the Grand Hereditary Duke of (1818-1881). Alexander, son
of the Emperor Nicholas, whom he succeeded in 1855 as Alexander
II., married in 1841 the Princess of Hesse Darmstadt.
RUSSIA, the Grand Duchess Olga of (1822-1892). Daughter of the
Emperor Nicholas I. of Russia. She married in 1846 the
Hereditary Prince of Würtemberg, who succeeded his father in the
same year.
S
SAGAN, the Duchess of (1781-1839). Wilhelmina, eldest daughter of
Peter, Duke of Courlande. She was married three times: (1) In
1800 to Prince Henri de Rohan; (2) to Prince Troubetskoi, and
(3) to Count Charles of Schulenburg who survived her. She died
suddenly at Vienna and left no children.
SAINT AUGUSTINE (354-430). Bishop of Hippo, son of Saint Monica
and one of the fathers of the church.
SAINT BLANCARD, the Marquis de (1814-1897). At one time page to
King Charles X. He married Mlle. de Bauffremont.
SAINT CYRAN, the Abbé de (1581-1643). Jean Duvergier de Hauranne
studied in the University of Louvain and became connected with
the Jansenists, whose doctrines he ardently embraced, and
obtained the Abbey of Saint Cyran in 1620. Among his numerous
disciples and friends were Arnauld, Lemaistre de Sacy, Bignon,
etc. He attacked the Jesuits in several works and Richelieu kept
him in prison for four years.
SAINTE ALDEGONDE, the Comtesse Camille de* (1793-1869). Widow of
an aide-de-camp of King Louis-Philippe.
SAINTE AULAIRE, the Comte de* (1778-1854). Peer of France,
diplomatist, and Ambassador at Rome, Vienna and London.
SAINTE AULAIRE, the Comtesse de. _Née_ Louise Charlotte Victoire
de Grimoard de Beauvoir du Roure-Brison. She married in 1809 M.
de Sainte Aulaire, who was already a widower.
SAINT LEU, the Duchesse de* (1783-1837). _Née_ Hortense de
Beauharnais, she was the widow of Louis Bonaparte, King of
Holland and mother of Napoleon III.
SAINT PRIEST, the Comte Alexis de,* diplomatist and French writer
and member of the French Academy.
SAINT SIMON, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de (1675-1755). A lord at the
Court of Louis XIV. He wrote famous memoirs, important to the
history of his time.
SALERNO, the Prince of (1790-1851). Leopold de Bourbon, brother of
Francis I., King of Naples, was Inspector-General of the Royal
Guard and leader of the 22nd Regiment of Austrian Infantry. In
1816 he married the Archduchess Maria of Austria, and had a
daughter who became the Duchesse d'Aumale.
SALERNO, the Princess of (1798-1880). Maria, daughter of the
Emperor Francis I. of Austria.
SALVANDY, the Comte de* (1795-1856). French man of letters and
politician; Ambassador and several times Minister.
SALVANDY, the Comtesse de. Julie Ferey, daughter of a manufacturer
and politician, married the Comte de Salvandy in 1823.
SANDWICH, Lady, died in 1853. Louisa, daughter of Lord Belmore,
married, in 1804, George John Montagu, Lord Sandwich, who died
in 1818. One of his daughters was the first wife of Count
Walewski.
SAULX-TAVANNES, Duc Roger Gaspard de (1806-1845). He became a peer
in 1820 on his father's death, but took no share in the work of
the Chamber, and committed suicide at the age of thirty-nine,
when his old ducal family became extinct.
SAUZET, Paul* (1800-1876). Lawyer, Deputy, and Minister of Justice
in 1836.
SAXE-WEIMAR, Duke Bernard of (1792-1862). Infantry General in the
service of the Low Countries.
SAXONY, Augustus II., the Strong, Elector of (1670-1733).
Afterwards King of Poland, elected after the death of John
Sobieski by intrigue and bribery, and crowned at Warsaw in 1697.
SAXONY, Princess Augusta of, born in 1782.
SAXONY, Princess Amelia of (1794-1870). Sister of King Frederick
Augustus and of Prince John of Saxony.
SAXONY, King Frederick Augustus II. of (1797-1854). Ascended the
throne in 1836, after having been co-regent since 1830, and
promulgating a liberal Constitution for his people. An
enlightened, liberal, and well-educated prince, he died in
consequence of a fall from his horse, leaving no children.
SAXONY, the Queen of (1805-1877). Maria, daughter of King
Maximilian of Bavaria and wife of King Frederick Augustus II.
SAXONY, Prince John of (1801-1873). This prince succeeded his
brother, King Frederick Augustus, in 1854. He had married
Princess Amelia of Bavaria, by whom he had several children, and
was distinguished throughout his life for his great virtue and
his learning.
SAXONY, Princess John of (1801-1877). Amelia, daughter of King
Maximilian of Bavaria and wife of Prince John of Saxony.
SCHÖNBURG, Princess (1803-1884). Louise Schwarzenberg, sister of
the Cardinal of that name, married, in 1823, Prince Edward of
Schönburg Waldenburg.
SCHÖNLEIN, Dr. Jean Luc (1793-1864). Doctor of medicine at Zurich.
He was summoned to Berlin, where he obtained a great reputation.
SCHRECKENSTEIN, Baron Maximilian of (1794-1862). For a long time
first Gentleman at the Court of Princess Stephanie of Baden, and
governor of the houses and property of this princess.
SCHULENBURG-KLOSTERRODE, the Count of (1772-1853). He served in
the Austrian diplomatic service and died at Vienna. He had
married his cousin, the Countess Armgard of Schulenburg.
SCHULENBURG, Count Charles Rudolph of (1788-1856). Austrian
lieutenant-colonel; he married the Duchess Wilhelmina of Sagan,
the eldest daughter of the last Duke of Courlande; this marriage
was soon dissolved. In 1846 he undertook to administer the
property of the Duchesse de Talleyrand. He died at Sagan of an
apoplectic stroke and was buried there.
SCHWARZENBERG, Charles Philippe, Prince of (1771-1820). First a
soldier and then Austrian Ambassador at Paris. He negotiated the
marriage of Napoleon with the Archduchess Maria Louisa. On the
occasion of this marriage, in 1810, he gave a large ball, which
had a fatal conclusion owing to a fire at the Embassy, when his
wife perished in the flames.
SCHWEINITZ, Countess of (1799-1854). Fräulein Dullack, married, in
1832, Count Hans Hermann of Schweinitz and became, in 1840,
chief lady at the Court of Princess William of Prussia, by birth
the Princess of Saxe-Weimar.
SÉBASTIANI DE LA PORTA, Marshal* (1775-1851). Ambassador at
Constantinople, Naples, and London.
SÉBASTIANI, wife of the foregoing, died in 1842. A daughter of the