Minor Dialogues, Together With the Dialogue on Clemency

which ought to be inflicted. The first advantage which mercy has over it is that she does not tell those whom she lets off that they ought to have suffered: she is more complete, more honourable than pardon.” In my opinion, this is a mere dispute about words, and we are agreed about the thing itself. The wise man will remit many penalties, and will save many who are wicked, but whose wickedness is not incurable. He will act like good husbandmen, who do not cultivate only straight and tall trees, but also apply props to straighten those which have been rendered crooked by various causes; they trim some, lest the luxuriance of their boughs should hinder their upward growth, they nurse those which have been {423} weakened by being planted in an unsuitable position, and they give air to those which are overshadowed by the foliage of others. The wise man will see the several treatments suitable to several dispositions, and how what is crooked may be straightened. . . . [1] A king of Egypt, who sacrificed strangers, and was himself slain by Hercules. [2] “Three or four wenches where I stood, cried ‘Alas, good soul!—’ and forgave him with all their hearts: but there’s no heed to be taken of them; if Caesar had stabbed their mothers, they would have done no less.”—“Julius Caesar,” act i. sc. 2. [3] See above, chap. v. THE END. {425} INDEX. A Alexander the Great, 78, 98, 135, 141, 411. Alexandria, Library of, 270. Anger, 48; signs of, 49; results of, 50; definitions of, 50_n_; animals not subject to, 52; not natural, 54; should be resisted at the beginning, 57; examples of its results, 60; not necessary against enemies, 60; nor useful, 63; not necessary for punishment, 68; contrasted with reason, 69; creates vain-glory, but not magnanimity, 73; cannot act without the approval of the mind, 77; contrasted with ferocity, 80; the wise man will never be angry, 81; anger and fear, 87; anger ought to be done away with, 88; must never become a habit, 90; remedies for, 93; some men more prone to, than others, 93; influence of education, 95; and of prosperity, 96; cause of, 97; effect of trifles, 99; delay the best remedy, 104; anger caused by ignorance or arrogance, 106; or by desire for revenge, 108; its hideousness and danger, 111; its power, 114; contrasted with other vices and passions, 116; how to avoid it, 120; examples of anger indulged in, Cambyses, 131, 139; Astyages, 133; Darius, 135; Xerxes, 135; Alexander, 135; Lysimachus, 136; Caligula, 137, 139; Rhinocolura, 138; Cyrus, 139; examples of anger controlled, Antigonus, 140; Philip, 141; Augustus, 142; how injuries ought to be bourne, 144; better to heal than to avenge them, 146; the evils of anger, 147; its trifling beginnings, 149; money, 151; other causes, 152; value of self-examination, 154; how to soothe the anger of others, 156; Augustus and Vedius, 158; anger should be got rid of altogether, 159. Animals, anger in, 49, 52. Antigonus (monophthalmus), 141. Antisthenes, 45. Antonius, M., 374, 391. Aristides, 341. Aristotle, 51_n_, 52, 58, 68, 118, 135, 287, 288. Apicius, the glutton, 217, 336. Asinius Pollio, 142, 285. Astyages, King of Persia, 133. Augustus. _See_ Caesar. {426} Avarice, conquered by anger, 114. Athenodorus, quoted, 259, 265. B Bees, 405. Bibulus, L., 181. Bion, quoted, 267, 282. Books, should be bought to read, not for show, 270. Brutus, L. Junius, 183. Brutus, M. Junius, 330. Burrus, prefect of Nero, 415. C Caelius (Antipater), 125. Caesar, Augustus, 142, 158, 165, 182, 293, 372, 391, 393, 401. Caesar, Claudius, 360, 369, 370. Caesar, Gaius (Caligula), 44, 74, 109, 137, 140, 276, 280, 316, 334, 376. Caesar, Gaius, grandson of Augustus, 373. Caesar, Gaius Julius, 98, 149, 181, 333. Caesar, Germanicus, brother of Claudius, 374. Caesar, Lucius, grandson of Augustus, 373. Caesar, Nero, 382, 396, 415. Caesar, Tiberius, 11, 182, 373. Caligula. _See_ Caesar, Gaius. Calmness, a sign of wisdom, 27. Cambyses, 131, 139. Cato, M., 5, 7, 10, 23, 31, 40, 108, 156, 192, 196, 228, 285, 286, 341. Chaerea, 44. Chrysippus, 242, 247, 248, 252. Cicero, 192, 274, 295. Cimber, Tillius, 149. Cinna, L., 392. Claudius Caudex, 307, Cleanthes, 247, 252. Clemency, 380; becomes no one more than a king, 384, 386; clemency of Augustus, 391; and of Nero, 396; distinguishes between kings and tyrants, 397; makes a king beloved, 399; Tarius, 401; clemency towards slaves, 404; the king-bee, 405; clemency in inflicting punishment, 407; makes men ashamed to do wrong, 410; clemency of Nero, 415; definitions of Mercy, 417; of cruelty, 417; of pity, 418; of pardon, 421. Clitus, killed by Alexander, 135. Cloelia, 183. Comfort, excess of, 13. Consolation, 162, 320, 353. Contempt, 36. Cordus, A. Cremutius, 162, 196, 197. Cornelia, wife of L. Drusus, 183. Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, 183, 345. Corvinus, M. Valerius, 307. Cotta, C. Aurelius, 345. Courage, aims high, 18; born of desperation, 398. Cruelty, caused by anger, 80; cannot be left off, if once begun, 399; inhumanity of, 411; shown in kings, 411; and in private men, 412; the opposite of mercy, 417. Cyrus (the elder), 139. D Darius, 135. Death, quickness of, 21; not an evil, 23; a release from pain, 190. 191. {427} Delay, a remedy for anger, 104, 115, 129; and for grief, 172. Demetrius the Cynic, quoted, 7, 16. Demetrius Poliorcetes, 28. Demochares (Parrhesiastes), 141 142. Democritus, 18, 85, 122, 255, 278. Dentatus, Curius, 264, 307. Desperation, breeds courage, 398. Diodorus, the Epicurean, 255. Diogenes, the Cynic, 225, 267, 268, Diogenes, the Stoic, 156, Dionysius, of Syracuse, 186, 397, Drusilla, 376. Drusus, Livius, 183, 295. Drusus, N. Claudius, senior, 373. Drusus, N. Claudius, 166, 169. Duillius, C. 307. E Education, should be carefully regulated, 95. Epicurus, and Epicureans, 41, 42, 218, 219, 242, 248. Exile, 325. F Fabianus (Papirius), quoted, 302, 309. Fabius (Cunctator), 61, 106. Fabricius, 7, 8. Fear, felt by those who inspire it, 87; in moderation restrains men, 398. Ferocity, contrasted with anger, 80; and with cruelty, 418. Firmness, the, of a wise man, 22, _sqq_. Friendship, 265. G Good, the highest, definition of, 208. 212, 215, 221, 244. Gracchi, the, 183, 345. Grief, examples of, 165; extreme grief unnatural, 171; cured by time, 172; counterfeited, 282; should be countered by reason, 346; its unprofitableness, 357; cannot co-exist with magnanimity, 419. H Hannibal, 61, 78, 80. Happiness, 204; how to gain it, 206; definitions of, 208; in connexion with pleasure, 211; consists in virtue, 222; excess makes men greedy, 382. Harpagus, 133. Heraclitus, 85. Hieronymus, quoted, 71. Hippias, 98. I Injury, cannot touch a wise man, 25, 32, 41, 42; distinguished from insult, 27, 35; can be endured, 144. Insult, distinguished from injury, 27, 35; how received by Diogenes and Cato, 156. Irascibility, contrasted with anger, 53, 71. J Julia Augusta (title of Livia), 168. K Kanus, Julius, 280, 281. {428} L Laberius, quoted, 87. Lacedaemonians, the, 13. Leisure, advantages of, 240, _sqq_. Life, shortness of, 160, 161, 175, 193, 288; its misery, 175; three kinds of, 248; divided into three parts, 302. Livia, wife of Augustus (afterwards Julia Augusta), 165, 168, 392. Livius, T., quoted, 74, 270. Love, conquered by anger, 114. Lucretia. 183. Lucretius, quoted, 258. Luxury, 218, 306. Lysimachus, 136, 411. M Maecenas, 9. Magnanimity, repels insult, 36; not caused by anger, 73, 122; does not feel blows, 144; befits all men, 387; cannot co-exist with sorrow, 419. Marcellus, M. Claudius, 332. Marcellus, M. Claudius, son of Octavia, 165, 373. Mercy, inclines men to innocence, 411; definitions of, 417; distinguished from pardon, 422. Metellus, L. Caecilius, 309. Mindyrides, the Sybarite, 99. Misfortunes, how regarded by the wise man, 3; are to the advantage of those to whom they happen, 6; are the test of brave men, 11, 12, 17; generally come unexpectedly, 173; attack all alike, 178; alleviated by habit, 271, 322. Money, evils of, 151. _See_ Riches. Mucius, 7. N Nero. _See_ Caesar. Nomentanus, 217. O Octavia, sister of Augustus, 165, 372. Oeobazus, 135. Ovid, quoted, 18, 52, 84, 228. P Pardon, definition of, 421. Pastor, 109. Paulus, L. Aemilius, 180. Peace of mind, definition of, 122, 255; how to attain it, etc., 255, _sqq_. Peripatetics, the, 50_n_. Phaethon, 18. Phalaris, 418. Philip, of Macedon, 141, 142. Philip, physician of Alexander, 98 Pisistratus, 128. Piso, Gnaeus, 70. Pity, definition of, 418, 419; borders on misery, 421. Plato, 55, 72, 95, 97, 129, 198 286. Pleasure, has no connexion with virtue, 211, 212; belongs to good and bad alike, 213; not the aim of virtue, 214; pleasures of bad men, 216; and of the wise, 217; the Epicurean doctrine, 218; all pleasure is short-lived, 365. Pollio, Asinius, 142, 285. Pollio, Vedius, 158, 402. Pompeius, 78_n_, 98, 150, 181, 192, 276, 308. Pompeius, Sextus, 372. Posidonius, his definition of anger, 50_n_. {429} Poverty, 333; no inconvenience to an exile, 337. Praexaspes, 131. Predestination, 194. Property, 267. _See_ Riches. Prosperity, 4, 10; fosters anger, 96. Providence, 1, _sqq_. Publilius, quoted, 275. Pulvillus, 179. Punishment, why inflicted, 407; should not be frequent, 410. Pythagoras, 126. Pythias, 135. R Rage, does not befit kings, 317. Reason, only strong apart from the passions, 56; its power, 69; contrasted with anger, 70; cannot overcome some habits, 80. Regulus, 7, 9, 339. Relaxation, necessity for, 285. Revenge, a cause of anger, 108, 146; has two effects, 408. Rhinocolura, why so called, 138. Riches, how regarded by the wise man, 229; and by the fool, 235; better never to possess, than to lose, 267. Rutilia, mother of C. Cotta, 345. Rutilius, 7, 8, 196. S Scipio Africanus, 61, 371. Scipio Africanus Minor, 61, 180, 285, 339, 372. Sejanus, 162, 182, 196, 197, 276. Self-examination, value of, 154, 206, 264. Self-love, 106. Sextius, Q., a Stoic, 113, 154. Socrates, 7, 9, 31, 45, 65, 128, 130, 196, 234, 236, 238, 262, 285, 341. Sorrow. _See_ Grief. Stilbo, 28. Stoics and Stoicism, 22, 23, 41, 42, 50_n_, 94, 207, 218, 241, 242, 248, 419. Sulkiness, a form of irascibility, 53. Sulla, L., 8, 73, 78, 110, 179, 309, 397. Suspicion, a cause of anger, 99. T Tarius, 401. Telesphorus, the Rhodian, 136. Theodorus, (Cyrenaicus), 279. Theophrastus, quoted, 62, 64. Thrift, advantage of, 269. Tillius Cimber, 149. Timagenes, 142. Trifles, anger caused by, 99, 100, 106, 149, 152. Triumphus, 11. Turannius, 318. Tyrant, compared with king, 396, 397. V Valerius, Asiaticus, 44. Valour, greedy of danger, 11. Varro, M. Terentius, 330. Vatinius, 43. Vedius Pollio, 158, 402. Vengeance, 408. _See_ Revenge. Virgil, quoted, 112, 185, 241. Virtue, not given by fortune, 28; its natural function to rejoice, 81; is infectious, 124; has no connexion with pleasure, 211, 212; and does not aim at it, 214, 215; is a sure guide, 219; brings true happiness, 222; should be reverenced, {430} 237; cannot be hidden, 260, 262. Volesus, cruelty of, 81. W Weakness of mind, a cause of anger, 62. Wine, 286. X Xanthippe, wife of Socrates, 45. Xerxes, 26, 135, 313. Z Zeno, 68, 242, 247, 252, 279.