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The Satires of Juvenal, Persius, Sulpicia, and Lucilius

Juvenal Gaius Lucilius Persius Sulpicia

[870] _Porci._ Cf. x., 355, "Exta, et candiduli divina tomacula porci." [871] _Vagellius._ Perhaps the "desperate ass" mentioned xvi., 23. Some read Bathylli. [872] _Tunicâ._ The Stoics wore tunics under their gowns, the Cynics waistcoats only, or a kind of pallium, doubled when necessary. Hor., i., Ep. xvii., 25, "Contra, quem duplici panno patientia ve at." Diogenes pro pallio et tunicâ contentus erat unâ abollâ ex vili panno confectâ, quâ dupliciter amiciebatur. Cynicorum hunc habitum ideo vocabant διπλοΐδα. Hi igitur ἀχίτωνες quidem sed διπλοείματοι. Orell., ad loc. Cf. Diog. Laert, VI., ii., iii., 22, τρίβωνα διπλώσας πρῶτος. [873] _Epicurum._ Cf. xiv., 319, "Quantum Epicure tibi parvis suffecit in hostis." Pliny says, xix., 4, he was the first who introduced the custom of having a garden to his town house. Prop., III., xxi., 26, "Hortis docte Epicure, tuis." Stat. Sylv., I., iii., 94. "The garden of Epicurus," says Gifford, "was a school of temperance; and would have afforded little gratification, and still less sanction, to those sensualists of our day, who, in turning hogs, flatter themselves that they are becoming Epicureans." [874] _Tumultu._ "And louder sobs and hoarser tumults spread For ravish'd pence, than friends or kinsmen dead." Hodgson. [875] _Deducere._ Ov., Met., vi., 403, "Dicitur unus flesse Pelops humerumque suas ad pectora postquam _deduxit vestes_, ostendisse." [876] _Humore coacto._ Ter., Eun., I., i., 21, "Hæc verba una mehercle falsa lacrymula Quam oculos terendo miserè vix vi expresserit Restinguet." Virg., Æn., ii., 196, "captique dolis lacrymisque coactis." [877] _Diversâ parte._ Others interpret it as being "read by the opposite party;" as vii., 156, "quæ veniant diversa parte sagittæ." [878] _Vana supervacui_, repeated xvi., 41. [879] _Sardonychus._ Pliny says the sardonyx was the principal gem employed for seals, "quoniam sola prope gemmarum scalpta ceram non aufert." xxxvii., 6. "If rogues deny their bend (though ten times o'er Perused by careful witnesses before), Whose well-known hand proclaims the glaring lie, Whose master-signet proves the perjury." Hodgson. [880] _Incendia._ Cf. ix., 98, "Sumere ferrum, Fuste aperire caput, candelam apponere valvis, non dubitat." [881] _Grandia pocula._ Alluding perhaps to some of Nero's sacrilegious spoliations. Suet., Ner., 32, 38. It was customary for kings and nations allied with Rome to send crowns and other valuable offerings to the temple of Capitoline Jove and others. [882] _Coronas._ "Gifts of great nations, crowns of pious kings! Goblets, to which undated tarnish clings!" Badham. [883] _Touantem._ Vid. Dennis's Etruria, vol. i., p. li. Cf. Suet., Nero, 32, fin. Milman's Horace, p. 66. "Is much respect for Castor to be felt By those whose crucibles whole Thunderers melt?" Badh. [884] _Mercatoremque veneni._ Shakspeare, Rom. and Jul., "And if a man did need a poison now, Whose sale is present death in Mantua, Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him." [885] _Corio._ Browne seems to understand this of "a leathern canoe or coracle," but? [886] _Simia._ Cf. ad viii., 214, "Cujus supplicio non debeat una parari simia nec serpens unus nec culeus unus." [887] _Gallicus._ Statius has a poem (Sylv., I., iv.), "Soteria pro Rutilio Gallico." "Quem penes intrepidæ mitis custodia Romæ." This book was probably written, cir. A.D. 94, after the Thebaïs. This Rut. Gallicus Valens was præfectus urbis and chief magistrate of police for Domitian; probably succeeding Pegasus (Sat. iv., 77), who was appointed by Vespasian. For the _office_, see Tac., Ann., vi., 10, _seq._ It was in existence even under Romulus, and continued through the republic. Augustus, by Mæcenas' advice, greatly increased its authority and importance. Its jurisdiction was now extended to a circuit of one hundred miles outside the city walls. The præfectus decided in all causes between masters and slaves, patrons and clients, guardians and wards; had the inspection of the mint, the regulation of the markets, and the superintendence of public amusements. [888] _Guttur._ This affection has been attributed, ever since the days of Vitruvius, to the drinking the mountain water. "Æquicolis in Alpibus est genus aquæ quam qui bibunt afficiuntur _tumidis gutturibus_," viii., 3. [889] _Meroë_, vi., 528, in Ethiopia, is the largest island formed by the Nile, with a city of the same name, which was the capital of a kingdom. Strab., i., 75. Herod., ii., 29. It is now "Atbar," and forms part of Sennaar and Abyssinia. [890] _Germani._ Cf. ad viii., 252.--_Flavam._ Galen says the Germans should be called πυῤῥοὶ rather than ξανθοί. So Mart., xiv., Ep. 176, Sil. iii. 608, "Auricomus Batavus."--_Torquentem._ Cf. Tac. Germ. 38, "Insigne gentis obliquare crinem nodoque substringere: horrentem capillum retro sequuntur ac sæpe in solo vertice religant: in altitudinem quandam et terrorem adituri bella compti, ut hostium oculis ornantur." Mart. Spe. iii., "Crinibus in nodum tortis venere Sigambri." They moistened their hair with a kind of soft soap. Plin. xxviii. 12. Mart. xiv. 26, "Caustica Teutonicos accendit spuma capillos." VIII. xxxiii. 20, "Fortior et tortos servat vesica capillos, et mutat Latias spuma Batava comas." [891] _Pygmæus._ Cf. Stat. Sylv. I. vi., 57, from which it appears that Domitian exhibited a spectacle of pigmy gladiators. "Hic audax subit ordo pumilonum--edunt vulnera conseruntque dextras et mortem sibi (qua manu!) minantur. Ridet Mars pater et cruenta virtus. Casuræque vagis grues rapinis mirantur pumilos ferociores." "When clouds of Thracian birds obscure the sky, To arms! To arms! the desperate Pigmies cry: But soon defeated in th' unequal fray, Disordered flee: while pouncing on their prey The victor cranes descend, and clamoring, bear The wriggling mannikins aloft in air." Gifford. [892] _Chrysippus_ the Stoic, disciple of Cleanthes and Zeno, a native of Tarsus or Soli, ἀνὴρ εὐφυὴς ἐν παντὶ μέρει. Vid. Diog. Laert. in Vit., who says he "was so renowned a logician, that had the gods used logic they would have used that of Chrysippus." VII., vii., 2. [893] _Hymetto._ As though the hill sympathized with the sweetness of Socrates' mind. Cf. Plato in Phæd. and Apol. Hor., ii., Od. vi., 14, "Ubi non Hymetto mella decedunt," "And still its honey'd fruits Hymettus yields." Byron. [894] _Cicutæ._ Cf. vii., 206. Pers., iv., 2. [895] _Felix._ "Divine Philosophy! by whose pure light We first distinguish, then pursue the right, Thy power the breast from every error frees, And weeds out all its vices by degrees: Illumined by thy beam, Revenge we find The abject pleasure of an abject mind, And hence so dear to poor, weak womankind!" Gifford. [896] _Conscia mens._ Cf. Sen., Ep. 97, "Prima et maxima peccantium pœna est peccâsse; Secundæ vero pœnæ sunt timere semper et expavescere et securitati diffidere et fatendum est mala facinora conscientia flagellari et plurimum illic tormentorum esse," etc. Cf. Æsch., Eumen., 150, ὑπὸ φρένας, ὐπὸ λοβὸν πάρεστι μαστίκτορος δαΐου δαμίου βαρύ, κ. τ. λ. [897] _Cæditius._ An agent of Nero's cruelty, according to some; a sanguinary judge of Vitellius' days, according to Lubinus. Probably a different person from the Cæditius mentioned xvi., 46. _Rhadamanthus._ Cf. Virg., Æn., vi., 566, "Gnossius hæc Rhadamanthus habet durissima regna, castigatque auditque dolos, subigitque fateri," etc. [898] _Spartano._ The story is told Herod., vi., 86. A Milesian intrusted a sum of money to Glaucus a Spartan, who, when the Milesian's sons claimed it, denied all knowledge of it, and went to Delphi to learn whether he could safely retain it; but, terrified at the answer of the oracle, he sent for the Milesians and restored the money. Leotychides relates the story to the Athenians, and leaves them to draw the inference from the fact he subjoins: Γλαύκου νῦν οὔτε τι ἀπόγονόν ἐστιν οὐδὲν, οὔτ' ἱστίη οὐδεμίη νομιζομένη εἶναι Γλαύκου· ἐκτέτριπταί τε πρόῤῥιζος ἐκ Σπάρτης. [899] _Metu._ "Scared at this warning, he who sought to try If haply heaven might wink at perjury, Alive to fear, though still to virtue dead, Gave back the treasure to preserve his head." Hodgson. [900] _Tacitum._ Cf. King John, Act iv., "The deed which both our tongues held vile to name!" Cf. i., 167, "_tacitâ_ sudant præcordia culpâ." "Thus, but intended mischief, stay'd in time, Had all the moral guilt of finished crime." Badham. [901] _Crescente._ Ov., Heroid., xvi., 226, "_Crescit_ et invito lentus in ore _cibus_." [902] _Sed vina._ Read perhaps "Setina," as v., 33. [903] _Albani._ Cf. v., 33, "Cras bibet Albanis aliquid de montibus." Hor., iv., Od. xi., 1, "Est mihi nonum superantis annum plenus Albani cadus." Mart., xiii., 109, "Hoc de Cæsareis Mitis Vindemia cellis misit Iuleo quæ sibi monte placet." [904] _Velut acri._ Or perhaps, "as though the rich Falernian were _sour_ instead of _mellow_." "The rich Falernian changes into gall." Hodgson. [905] _Versata._ Cf. iii., 279. Hom., Il., xxiv., 10, _seq._ Sen., de Tranq. An., 2, "versant se et hoc atque illo modo componunt donec quietem lassitudine inveniant." "Propert.," I., xiv., 21, "Et miserum toto juvenem versare cubili." [906] _Sudoribus._ Cf. i., 167, "_Sudant_ præcordia culpâ." Cf. Ov., Her., vii., 65. [907] _Major._ Virg., Æn., ii., 773, "Notâ major imago." Suet., Claud., i., species mulieris _humanâ_ amplior. [908] _Amplior._ Tac., Ann., xi., 21, "oblata ei species muliebris ultra modum humanum." Suet., Aug., 94. [909] _Cogitque fateri._ The idea is probably from Lucret., v., 1157, "Quippe ubi se multei per somnia sæpe loquenteis, Aut morbo deliranteis protraxe ferantur Et celata diu in medium peccata dedisse." [910] _Quum tonat._ Suet., Calig., 51, "Nam qui deos tantopere contemneret, ad minima tonitrua et fulgura connivere, caput obvolvere; ad vero majora proripere se e strato, sub lectumque condere, solebat." [911] _Murmure._ Lucret., v., 1218, "Cui non conrepunt membra pavore Fulminis horribili cum plaga torrida tellus Contremit et magnum percurrunt murmura cœlum? Non populei gentesque tremunt." [912] _Cadai._ "Quæque cadent in te fulmina missa putes." Ov., Her., vii., 72. Pind., Nem., vi., 90, ζάκοτον ἔγχος. Hor., i., Od. iii., 40, "Iracunda Jovem ponere fulmina." "Where'er the lightning strikes, the flash is thought Judicial fire, with heaven's high vengeance fraught." Badham. [913] _Vindicet._ "Oh! 'tis not chance, they cry; this hideous crash Is not the war of winds, nor this dread flash The encounter of dark clouds, but blasting fire, Charged with the wrath of heaven's insulted sire!" Gifford. [914] _Galli._ Cf. xii., 89, 96. Plin., x., 21, 56. Plat., Phæd., 66. [915] _Ægris._ "Can pardoning heaven on guilty sickness smile? Or is there victim than itself more vile?" Badham. [916] _Mobilis._ Sen., Ep. 47, "Hoc habent inter cætera boni mores, placent sibi ac permanent: levis est malitia, sæpe mutatur, non in melius, sed in aliud." [917] _Natura._ Hor., i., Ep. x., 24, "Naturam expellas furca tamen usque recurret." [918] _Ruborem._ Mart., xi., Ep. xxvii., 7, "Aut cum perfricuit frontem posuitque pudorem." "Vice once indulged, what rogue could e'er restrain? Or what bronzed cheek has learn'd to blush again?" Hodgson. [919] _Rupem._ Cf. i., 73, "aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum." vi., 563. "Or hurried off to join the wretched train Of exiled great ones in the Ægean main." Gifford. [920] _Fatebere._ Cf. Psalm lviii., 9, 10.