The Satires of Juvenal, Persius, Sulpicia, and Lucilius

59 ... and heaviness often oppresses you, by your own fault.[1942] 60 ... the annihilation of our army to a man-- 61 ... thrust forth by force, and driven out of Italy. 62 ... this then he possessed, and nearly all Apulia-- 63 ... with some intricate beginning out of Pacuvius. 64 ... may the king of gods avert ill-omened words.[1943] 65 ... rails at wretched me too.... 66 ... first he denies that Chrysis returns intact.[1944] 67 ... the Greeks call tripping up.[1945] 68 ... all things alike he separates ... and heinous.[1946] 69 ... What man art thou? Man! no man....[1947] 70 ...[1948] 71 ... all other things in which we are carried away, not to be prolix.[1949] 72 † ....[1950] 73[1951] FOOTNOTES: [1915] _Lupus._ Cf. lib. i., Fr. 4, where he speaks of his perjuries, and Fr. inc. 193, "Occidunt Lupe te saperdæ et jura siluri," where he satirizes his luxuriousness; here he alludes to his unjust dealings as judge. Cf. ad Pers., i., 114. _Interdicere aquâ et igni_, the technical phrase for banishment. Cf. Cæs., B. G., vi., 44. Cic., Phil., vi., 4. Fam., xi., 1. Lupus appears to grieve that the banished man has still two elements, air and earth, left to enjoy. Thales is said to have been the first to use ἀρχαὶ in the sense of "first principles." (Vid. Ritter's History of Philosophy.) Empedocles first reduced the elements to four, and called them ῥιζώματα. Plato first called them στοιχεῖα, vid. Tim., 48. _Adesse_ is applied both to the defendant who _appears_ before the tribunal and to the advocate who _stands by_ to support him. «Cicero seems to allude to the passage in his speech for Roscius (pro Rosc. Am., xxvi.), "Non videntur hunc hominem ex rerum naturâ sustulisse et eripuisse, cui repente cœlum, solem, aquam, terramque ademerint?" Cf. de Orat., i., c. 50, 1.» [1916] _Deliacis_, the conjecture of Junius for _deliciis_. The Fragment will then be connected with Fr. 8, and will refer to the θεωρία sent to Delos; with which, of course, the death of Socrates is connected. Plat., Phæd., 58. [1917] _Annus vertens_, i. e., "circumactus, completus." Nizol. Cic. pro Qu., 40. Nat. De., ii., 54, "Mercurii stella anno ferè vertente signiferum lustrat orbem." Phil., xiii., 10, "intra finem anni vertentis." So mensis vertens. Plaut., Pers., IV., iv., 76. _Dies religiosi_, ἀποφράδες ἡμέραι, "Days of ill omen," on which nothing important was undertaken; as the Dies Alliensis. Cf. Cic., Att., ix., 4. Qu., Fr. 3, 4. Liv., vi., 1. Suet., Tib., 61, "Nullus à pœnâ hominum cessavit dies, ne religiosus quidem ac sacer." Claud., 14. Aul. Gell., iv., 9. Festus reckons thirty-six of these days in the year (in voc "Religiosus" and "Mundus"). [1918] _Albâ lineâ signare_ is a phrase for "doing any thing carelessly and negligently:" to make, as it were, a white line on a white ground, which could not be distinguished; whereas careful workmen work by a clearly-defined and durable line. Cf. Aul. Gell., Præf., 11, "Albâ ut dicitur lineâ, sine curâ discriminis converrebant." [1919] _Tullius_, Gerlach supposes to have been an unjust judge, like Lupus, Fr. 1, and to be the same as the "judex" mentioned, xi., Fr. 2. [1920] _Acceptum_, i. e., deceptum. Nonius. _Veterator._ Cf. Ter., Andr., II., vi., 26, "Quid hic volt veterator sibi?" [1921] _Canis_, and its diminutive, _catulus_, are both used for a species of fetter. Plaut., Cas., II., vi., 37, "Ut quidem tu hodie canem et furcam feras." Curcul., V., iii., 13, "Delicatum te hodie faciam cum catello ut adcubes ferreo ego dico." σκύλαξ is used in Greek with the same double meaning. _Collare._ Cf. Plaut., Capt., II., ii., 107, "Hoc quidem haud molestum est, jam quod collum collari caret." Other kinds of fetters are mentioned, Plaut., Asin., III., ii., 4, "Compedes, nervos, catenas, numellas, pedicas, boias." Capt., IV., ii., 109. [1922] _Præbent._ Cf. Ov., A. Am., ii., 685, "Odi quæ præbet, quia sit præbere necesse." [1923] _Albinus._ It is doubtful whether the allusion is to Aulus or Spurius Posthumius Albinus. The latter, Cicero tells us, was condemned and banished by the "Gracchani judices," together with Opimius. Cic., Brut., 34. (Cf. lib. xi., Fr. 1.) He is here charged with incest, as the phrase _repudium remittere_ properly applies to a wife, or one betrothed (_divortium_ being applied to a wife only). Vid. Fest. in v. "Repudium." Plaut., Aul., IV., x., 57, c. not. Hildyard. [1924] _Mæstum_, i. e., fame enectum. Non. [1925] Compare the whole scene in Plaut, Asin., act. iv., sc. 1. [1926] _Subblanditur._ Plaut., Cas., III., iii., 23. Bacch., III., iv., 19. _Palpatur._ Plaut., Merc., I., ii., 60, "Hoc, sis, vide ut palpatur! Nullus 'st quando occœpit, blandior." Amph., I., iii., 9, "Observatote quam blande mulieri palpabitur." [1927] Cf. xxviii., Fr. 49. The Fragment is assigned to both books. [1928] _Æra_, "numeri nota." Nonius. Cf. Cic. in Hortens., "Quid tu inquam soles; cum _rationem_ ad dispensatorem accipis, si _æra_ singula probasti, _summam_ quæ ex his confecta sit, non probare?" This and the 31st, 32d, 34th, and 38th Fragments, are part of the old man's speech, inveighing against the profligacy and extravagance of young men. Vid. Argument. [1929] _Subducere rationes._ Cf. Plaut., Curc., iii., 1, "Beatus videor: subduxi ratiunculam, quantum æris mihi sit, quantumque alieni siet; dives sum si non reddo eis, quibus debeo; si reddo eis quibus debeo plus alieni est." [1930] _Vomica._ Cf. Juv., xiii., 35. The _vulnus Chironium_ is described by Celsus, "Magnum est, habet oras duras, callosas, tumentes: sanie tenui manat, odorem malum emittit, dolorem modicum affert: nihilominus difficile coit et sanescit:" v., 28. It took its name from Chiron, who is said to have first found out the way of treating it. «Cf. Orph., H., 379. Hom., Il., xi., 831. Pind., Pyth., iii.» [1931] _Magna mercede._ Merces, i. e., "cost, injury, detriment." Cic., Fam., i., 9, "In molestia gaudeo te eam fidem cognoscere hominum non ita magnâ mercede, quam ego maximo dolore cognôram." The sentiment is probably the same as Cato's, "asse carum esse dicebat, quo non opus esset." [1932] _Emungi._ Cf. Ter., Ph., IV., iv., 1, "Quid egisti? Emunxi argento senes." Plaut., Bac., V., i., 15, "Miserum med auro esse emunctum." Hor., A. P., 238, "Pythias emuncto lucrata Simone talentum." _Bolus_, "any thing thrown as a bait;" hence "profit, gain." Ter., Heaut., IV., ii. 6, "Crucior, bolum mihi tantum ereptum tam desubito de faucibus." Plaut., Pers., IV., iv., 107, "Dabit hæc tibi grandes bolos." [1933] _Exterminare._ "To expel, banish beyond certain limits." [1934] _Aulæa obducite._ Cf. Plin., ii., Ep. 17, "Velis obductis." [1935] _Cardines._ Plaut., Amph., IV., ii., 6, "Pœne effregisti, fatue, foribus cardines." Asin., II., iii., 8, "Pol haud periclum est cardines ne foribus effringantur." Cf. iv., Fr. 15; xxviii., Fr. 27. [1936] _Carpere_, "celeriter præterire." Non. Cf. Virg., Georg., iii., 141, "Acri carpere prata fuga." [1937] _Pluteus_, _tecta_, _testudines_, are all military terms, and signify sheds, pent-houses, or mantlets, made of wood and hurdles covered with hides, under cover of which the soldiers advanced to the attack of a town. The vinea and musculus were of the same kind. (Cf. xxvi., Fr. 9.) Cf. Fest., in v. Pluteus., Veget., iv., 15. They are also used metaphorically, as perhaps here. Plaut, Mil. Gl., II., ii., 113, "Ad eum vineas pluteosque agam." [1938] _Polypus_, one that sticks as close as a polypus or barnacle. Cf. Plaut., Aul., II., ii., 21, "Ego istos novi polypos qui sicubi quid tetigerint tenent." (Where vid. Hildyard's note.) Ov., Met., iv., 366, "deprensum polypus hostem continet--" [1939] _Filum_, "oris liniamentum." Non. Cf. Plaut., Merc., IV., iv., 15, "Satis scitum filum mulieris." So filum corporis, "the contour of the body." A. Gell., i., 9. [1940] Cf. iii., Fr. 38. [1941] _Sudum_, "semiudum." Non. Serenum. Fulgent. Cf. Virg., Georg., iv., 77, "Ver nactæ sudum." Æn., viii., 529, "Arma inter nubem, cœli in regione serenâ per sudum rutilare vident." [1942] _Gravedo._ Crapula, κραιπάλη, "the headache that follows intoxication." Plin., xx., 13, "Crapulæ gravedines." (Cf. Arist., Acharn., 277.) [1943] _Obscœna_, i. e., "mali ominis." Fest. Hence the phrases "obscenæ aves, canes, anus." So "puppis obscœna," the ship that bore Helen to Troy. Ov., Her., v., 119. So Dies alliensis (Id. Quinct.) was said to be "Obscœnissimi ominis." Fest., in voc. [1944] _Signatam_, i. e., integram; a metaphor from that which is kept closely sealed, and watched that the seals may not be broken. [1945] _Supplantare._ Plato (Euthydem., l. 278) uses ὑποσκελίζειν. [1946] _Nefantia._ Cf. lib. iii., 28, "Tantalus qui pœnas ob facta nefantia pendit." [1947] _Nemo homo._ The two words, according to Charisius, were always used together. Cf. Plaut., Asin., II., iv., 60, "Ego certe me incerto scio hoc daturum nemini homini." Pers., II., ii., 29, "Nemo homo unquam ita arbitratus 'st." Cic., N. D., ii., 38. [1948] Lib. xxviii., 17, where the Fr. is also quoted. [1949] _Ecferimur_, i. e., "extollimur." Non. [1950] Is hopelessly corrupt. [1951] Occurs before; lib., xix., Fr. 8. BOOK XXX. ARGUMENT. Most of the commentators seem to be agreed that the subject of this book was "matrimonial life." Mercer considers that it contained an altercation between a married couple, in which the lady strenuously refuses to submit to the lawful authority of her husband. Van Heusde says that in it were depicted the miseries of married life generally; especially of those husbands who are so devoted to their wives, that they surrender the reins of government into the hands of those, for whom the law compels them to provide subsistence, not only at the expense of their own personal labor, but also at the risk of life itself: the only return which they receive as an equivalent from the hands of their wives, being opprobrious language, ill temper, haughty exaction, treachery, and unfaithfulness to the marriage-bed. In addition to this, Gerlach thinks that in this, his last book, Lucilius recapitulated the subjects of his previous Satires; and consequently many Fragments are assigned to this book, which might easily be inserted in others. Among other matters, the poet also defends himself against the malignant charges of envious critics, one, Gaius, being especially noticed. The story of the old lion, which Horace has copied «i., Ep. i., 74», may also lead us to suppose that the treachery of false friends formed part of the matter of the poem. N.B.--Gerlach considers that the 80th was undoubtedly the _last_ book. The passages quoted from subsequent books are the result of the carelessness of the Librarii. These passages, therefore, will all be found incorporated into the preceding books. 1 † ... Lamia and Pytho ... with sharp teeth ... those gluttonous, abandoned, obscene hags....[1952] 2 ... a sick and exhausted lion....[1953] 3 Then the lion said with subdued voice, "Why will you not come hither yourself?"[1954] 4 What does it mean? how does it happen that the footsteps, all without exception, lead inward and toward you? 5 For, be assured that disease is far enough removed from men in wine, when one has regaled himself pretty sumptuously.[1955] 6 † ... in face and features ... sport, and in our conversation ... this is the virgin's prize, and let us pay this honor....[1956] 7 ... Should you first fasten me to the yoke, and force me