The World of Homer
Thus the higher criticism, working on lines recognised as orthodox
in Homeric circles, was absolutely erroneous from beginning to end.
The critic was acute, ingenious, even brilliant, but he had scanty
knowledge of the facts in the case. He had not consulted certain
printed books germane to the matter; he had not consulted the
ballad-manuscripts at Abbotsford, and the manuscript letters.
In Homeric criticism, alas! we have not the letters and manuscripts of
the poet. But it is clear from the case of "Auld Maitland" that, in the
absence of facts, our motto, in conjecture, should be--_Gang warily!_
[1] _R. G. E._ p. 165.
[2] As has been said, I am aware of no evidence for this statement.
[3] _R. G. E._ p. 164.
[4] _R. G. E._ p. 163.
[5] See Motherwell's essay on "The Origin and History of Scottish
Ballad Literature," in his _Ancient and Modern Minstrelsy_.
[6] _Further Essays on the Border Ballads_. By Lieut.-Colonel the Hon.
Fitzwilliam Elliot. 1910.
INDEX
(Figures in italics signify notes, r.--referred to)
Abantes of Euboea, 14, 143.
Abrahams, Miss E., cited on early Greek female costume, 87, 89, 90,
92.
Achaean culture, quality of, 3-4, 7;
architecture, 42;
Homeric Epics the fruit of, 221;
Northern character of, 262 _et sqq_.
Achaeans, the, 2;
probable conquests of, in Greece and Crete, 10-2, 13-4, 16;
character of their invasion, 33;
domestic life of, 37, 41-4;
siege operations of, 47;
in battle, 52-4;
not under a vow during siege of Troy, 132.
Achaeus, 139.
Achilles, mutiny of, 24-5;
shield of, 29;
Wrath of, 35, 195, 202, 246-7;
love of, for his mother, 36, 239, 247-8;
relations of, with Agamemnon, 38, 54, 122, 123, 131, 195,
234, 235, 237-43, 247;
relations of, with Hector, 45-6, 277, 279;
and Patroclus, 45, 54, 105, 111, 123, 236, 239-42, 244, 248-9;
merciful qualities of, 46, 47, 265;
vengeance of, on Achaeans, 54, 235-43;
quoted on death, 106;
cult of, 126;
tradition of, and Thersites, 133, 180-1;
Homeric tradition and characterisation of, 167, 168, 169, 246-50;
tradition of, in _Cypria_, 190, 209, 211;
spear of, 205, 209;
tradition of, in _Aethiopis_, 212-4;
in _Iliou Persis_, 217;
armour of, 225, 244-5;
meeting of, and Aeneas, 251; r., 18, 28, 30, 98, 132, 163, 193.
Acusilaus, 173.
Adrastus, 17, 126, 158.
Aegean culture, 2;
arrival of, in Thessaly, 11;
recollection of, in Homeric days, 20, 33;
architecture, 42;
armour and weapons, 48-9, 60-1;
iron not used for weapons in, 96;
vases, 97; jewellery, 99;
burial customs, 106-7;
traces of hero-worship in, (?) 113;
religion, 116, 117;
gold cups of Vaphio, 132.
Aegeus, legends of, 175.
Aegina, relics found in, 145-6.
Aegisthus, warned by the gods, 37, 123.
Aeneas, represents the "Orleans branch" at Troy, 17, 251;
prominence of, in _Iliou Persis_, 216;
protected by Apollo, 232.
Aepytus, grave of, 109.
Aeschylus, mentions purification by swine's blood, 29, 134-45;
traditions used by, 188, 270; r., 37, 39.
Aethra, un-Homeric traditions of, 155, 214-6.
Agamemnon, the Over Lord, 15;
character of, 24, 248, 250;
relations of, with Achilles, 24-5, 38, 54, 95, 122, 123, 131,
234, 235, 237-43, 247;
brings home Cassandra, 43;
ferocity of, 46, 51-2, 265;
proclaims purification, 133;
Ionian hostility to, 160;
un-Homeric traditions of, 142, 190, 192, 195, 202, 208, 210, 279;
his camp wall, 227-30;
arming of, 251; r., 102, 127, 230.
Agrios, late story of, 180-1.
Aias, quoted on blood-price, 29;
shield and armour of, 31, 70-1;
relations of, with Hector, 46, 53, 54. 185, 238;
Ionian partiality for, 160, 189, 202;
reference to, in Quintus Smyrnaeus, 192;
cult of, 213;
suicide of, 163, 216.
Aietes, legends of, 165, 167, 174-5, 177;
land of, variously located, 178-9.
Alcinous, 42, 43.
Allen, T. W., _197_, _201_, 258-9, 284.
Althaea, 34, 36, 169.
Amphimachus, 184, 185.
Andromache, 34, 36, 45.
Antenor, 43, 161.
Antinous, shooting of, 101-2.
Antiope, 174.
Aphrodite, intrigues of, 43, 122;
her scratched hand, 86, 90-1, 232-3;
relations of, with Paris and Helen, 205-7; r., 211.
Apollo, at siege of Troy, 47, 54;
omniscient, 125;
temple of, at Delphi, 130;
purification of, 133, 268;
defrauded, 102.
Apollonius Rhodius, 20, 179.
Archery, 49 50, 53, 55.
Arctinus, 200, 212, 215.
Areithous, tomb of, 109.
Ares, Hymn to, 27;
character of, 28;
and Aphrodite, 40;
speared by Athene, 232, 233;
doings of, perplexing, 251.
Argo, voyage of the, 164-5, 178-9.
Ariadne, 88; dress of, in art, _94_, 95;
and the Theseus legend, 154, 150, 212.
Aristarchus, 281.
Aristeia of Idomeneus, 251.
Aristotle, cited on the poetic quality of the _Iliad_, 201-2; r.,
281.
Armour and Weapons, the Homeric, 48-9, 60-1, 65-80.
Art. _See_ Aegean.
Artemis, representations of, 115;
Homeric conception of, 115-6;
Orthia, rites of, 117;
of Brauron, resemblance of, to Nemesis of Rhamnus, 207;
connection between, and sacrifice of Iphigeneia, 210.
Arthurian Romances referred to, 10, 12, 21, 24, 164, 182.
Asa, cremation of, 108.
Asius, 17, 231.
Astyanax, murder of, 46, 216.
Athamas, legends of, 164-5.
Athene, guides the arrow of Pandarus, 76;
costume of, in art, 83, 89-90;
visits Nestor, 128-9;
temples of, 130-1;
patroness of Troy, 124;
jealous, 162, 205-6;
offended with the Achaeans, 216;
gift of, to Diomedes, 232-3;
abets the Trojans, 238;
doings of, perplexing, 251;
r., 36, 43, 121, 136.
Athenian Recension, the alleged, 270-1, 273, 274-6, 280, 282, 284,
287-8.
Athenians, genealogy of, according to Pausanias, 137-40;
difference between, and Achaeans, 141;
preferred Ionian traditions, 202. See Attica.
Athens, would-be refuge of Achaean princes, 139, 160.
Atridae, the, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195, 208.
Attica, had no part in Achaean history, 23, 141-2;
potters of, 146; gold workers, 147;
legends and traditions of, 154-6, 157, 158-60, 202.
Auge, grave of, 109.
"Auld Maitland," criticism on, criticised, 293-4.
Bannockburn, battle of, cited, 57.
Bellerophon, 17, 18, 161, 167, 168-9, 171, 173, 176.
_Beowulf_, cited, 37, 105-6, 163, 203, 253, 267.
Bérard, M., on the use of iron in early days, 98;
on the topography of the Catalogue, 257-8.
Bethe, Dr. Erich, his attempt to trace "tribal history," 183-5.
Bird Myths, 157.
_Bitter Withy, The_, Ballad of, 121.
Blind Harry, his _Wallace_, cited, 203, 290.
Blood-price, the, 29.
Bounos, 174, 175.
Brauronia, the, 117.
Bride-price, custom of, 38-40.
Briseis, Wrath of Achilles over, 195. 235, 242, 246-7; r., 36,
Britain, method of war in early, 48.
Bronze Age, the 3-4, 5, 107; the overlap, 96-104.
_Brus_, the, 203.
Brynhild, 34.
Burial, methods of, in Minoan Age, 3;
in Homeric Age, 4, 108-12;
in Dipylon Age, 5;
cremation recorded throughout the _Iliad_, 105-6;
Aegean methods, 106-7;
Jewish, 107-8;
in Attic art, 147.
Calchas, prophecy of, 208-9;
timidity, of, 210, 279.
Calydonian Boar, Hunt of, 163, 166.
Carians, the, 12, _13_, 17;
civilisation and intermarriages of, 143-4.
Cassandra, 43.
Castor, un-Homeric legends of, 207-8, 215.
Catalogue of the Ships, 14-5, 16, 218-9, 257-9, 289.
Cauer, Herr, cited on uses of bronze and iron, 97, 98.
Cerberus, 136.
_Chansons de Geste_, cited, 10, 13, 21, 24, 26, 163, 182, 253,
255, 261;
_Chanson de Roland_, 36, 203, 253, 254, 291; _Chancun de Willame,
La_, 80, 255.
Chariots, uses of, in Homeric war, 51, 52, 54-6, 58, 59, 69-70, 80.
Charlemagne, romances of, 10, 12, 24, 26, 164, 166, 182.
Chaucer, 35, 36.
Cheiron the Centaur, 205.
Chimaera, the, 169, 267.
Chitons, tearing of, 47;
controversy over period and style of 60-5;
worn by women, 90, 91.
_See also under_ Costume.
Chlaina. _See_ Costume.
Chryseis, 129, 210, 211.
Chryses, 129, 130.
Cicero, cited on the connection between Pisistratus and the
Homeric poems, 282.
Circe, story of her birth, 177;
home of, variously located, 178-9; r., 42, 182.
Cleisthenes, 126.
Clemens Alexandrinus, 173.
Clytaemnestra, 30;
frailty of, 35, 123;
reputed foster-mother of Iphigeneia, 210.
Cnossos, palace of, 12, 16, 31, 101, 148.
Codrids, the, 23.
Colophon, horsemen of, 56.
Corinth, legendary conncction of, with Argo, 173-6.
Corinthus, 174, 175.
Costume, "Late Minoan," 2;
Homeric, 4;
Third and Fourth Ages, 5;
men's, 60-5, 68, 75;
women's, 61, 74, 81-95.
Cremation. _See under_ Burial.
Crete, Minoan art in, 2, 20;
Achaean settlement in, 12;
the "true Cretans," 13;
a dependency of Greek mainland, 15, 16;
prehistoric, 272-3.
Cyclic Poems, the, different in character and style from Homeric
poems, 6-9,
46, 111, 133, 143, 150, 163, 168, 169-70, 187, 218-21, 263, 268;
attitude of, towards Over Lord, 26-7;
(_Little Iliad_, 66, 202, 214-5, 219);
reference in, to sons of Theseus, 154;
pretensions of, 160;
story of Thersites in, 181-2
(_Cypria_, the, analysis of, 188-93, 198-212;
date uncertain 195-6, 269, 272;
the Catalogue, 258-9);
what the poems are, 197;
date of material and treatment, ?, 198, 199;
writers of, mere imitators, 200;
the Aethiopis, 212-4, 219;
the Iliou Persis, 215-7, 219;
relation of, and Homeric Poems according to Mr. Murray, 218-21,
289-91;
not expurgated, 269, 270;
legends of, preferred as subjects of art, 274;
were they recited at Athens?, 288.
Cyclops, the, 18.
Cymri, wars of, 164.
Cypassis. See Costume.
Cypria. See Cyclic Poems.
Cyprus, Phoenicians in, 20.
Danaans, the, 51.
Dawkins, R. M., cited on Greek early female costume, 85, 87, 88,
_90_, 94.
Deidameia, 209.
Deiphobus carried out of the fight, 231.
Demeter, Hymn to, 117;
mention of, in _Odyssey_, 118;
mysteries of, 267.
Demodocus, songs of, 30, 38, 124;
his tale of the Wooden Horse, 215-6.
Demophon, 154, 215.
Dictys Cretensis, anti-Homeric traditions accepted by, 9, 190-3,
195, 196, 209, 211, 217.
Dieuchidas, cited on connection of Solon and Homer, 281.
Diogenes Laertius cited on Solon and the Athenian recitations, 282,
283, 287.
Diomede, promises a sacrifice to Athene, 129;
Ionian hostility to, 160;
takes up the feud of Thersites, 180-1, 213;
genealogy of, 181;
conflicting traditions of, 190, 191, 193, 195, 231-3;
the exchange of shields, 252; r., 15, 18, 46, 52, 158, 238.
Dione, cited on the wounding of Hades, 136.
Dionysus, traditions and rites of, 118-9;
Homer's contempt for, 120; r., 231, 232, 267.
Dipylon culture, characteristics of, 4-5, 147;
female costume, 81-5;
view of, as to future life, 111.
Dolon, 230.
Dümmler, Ferdinand cited on Hector's connection with Boeotia, 183.